流注

Chinese

		to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move	to inject; to pour into; to concentrate to inject; to pour into; to concentrate; to pay attention; to note; to comment on; to record; to register; to annotate
trad. (流注)		流	注
simp. #(流注)		流	注

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liúzhù

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄓㄨˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liúzhù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄓㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lióujhù
    • Wade–Giles: liu²-chu⁴
    • Yale: lyóu-jù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lioujuh
    • Palladius: лючжу (ljučžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: ljuw tsyuH

Rime
Character	流	注
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力求切	之戍切
Baxter	ljuw	tsyuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu/	/t͡ɕɨoH/
Pan Wuyun	/liu/	/t͡ɕioH/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu/	/t͡ɕioH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw/	/cuə̆H/
Li Rong	/liu/	/t͡ɕioH/
Wang Li	/lĭəu/	/t͡ɕĭuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u/	/t͡ɕi̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liú	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lau4	zyu3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ru  tro(ʔ)-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ru  tjos/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	流	注
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liú	zhù
Middle Chinese	‹ ljuw ›	‹ trjuH ›
Old Chinese	/*ru/	/*tro(ʔ)-s/
English	flow (v.)	to conduct water
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	流	注
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8335	17622
Phonetic component	流	主
Rime group	幽	侯
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	劉	注
Old Chinese	/*ru/	/*tjos/
Notes	或爲毓省聲

Noun

流注 (traditional Chinese medicine)

1. migratory deep abscess

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (流注):

• → Japanese: 流(る)注(ちゅう) (ruchū)
• → Korean: 유주(流注) (yuju)

Verb

流注

1. to flow into, pour into

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (流注):

• → Japanese: 流(りゅう)注(ちゅう) (ryūchū)

Further reading

• “流注”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• 羅竹風 [Luó Zhúfēng], editor (1986–1994), “流注”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hànyǔ Dà Cídiǎn, Comprehensive Chinese Word Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: 上海辞书出版社 [Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House], →ISBN

Japanese

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 流注 (MC ljuw tsyuH).

Pronunciation 1

Kanji in this term
流	注
りゅう Grade: 3	ちゅう Grade: 3
kan'on	kan'yōon

• IPA^(key): [ɾʲɨːt͡ɕɨː]

Noun

流(りゅう)注(ちゅう) • (ryūchū) ^{←りうちゆう (riutyuu)?}

1. act of flowing in; act of pouring in

Verb

流(りゅう)注(ちゅう)する • (ryūchū suru) ^{←りうちゆう (riutyuu)?}suru (stem 流(りゅう)注(ちゅう)し (ryūchū shi), past 流(りゅう)注(ちゅう)した (ryūchū shita))

1. to flow in, pour into

Conjugation

Conjugation of "流注する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	流注し	りゅうちゅうし	ryūchū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	流注し	りゅうちゅうし	ryūchū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	流注する	りゅうちゅうする	ryūchū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	流注する	りゅうちゅうする	ryūchū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	流注すれ	りゅうちゅうすれ	ryūchū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	流注せよ¹ 流注しろ²	りゅうちゅうせよ¹ りゅうちゅうしろ²	ryūchū seyo¹ ryūchū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	流注される	りゅうちゅうされる	ryūchū sareru
Causative	流注させる 流注さす	りゅうちゅうさせる りゅうちゅうさす	ryūchū saseru ryūchū sasu
Potential	流注できる	りゅうちゅうできる	ryūchū dekiru
Volitional	流注しよう	りゅうちゅうしよう	ryūchū shiyō
Negative	流注しない	りゅうちゅうしない	ryūchū shinai
Negative continuative	流注せず	りゅうちゅうせず	ryūchū sezu
Formal	流注します	りゅうちゅうします	ryūchū shimasu
Perfective	流注した	りゅうちゅうした	ryūchū shita
Conjunctive	流注して	りゅうちゅうして	ryūchū shite
Hypothetical conditional	流注すれば	りゅうちゅうすれば	ryūchū sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Pronunciation 2

Kanji in this term
流	注
る Grade: 3	ちゅう Grade: 3
goon	kan'yōon

• IPA^(key): [ɾɯ̟t͡ɕɨː]

• IPA^(key): [ɾʲɨːt͡ɕɨː]

Noun

流(る)注(ちゅう) • (ruchū) ^{←るちゆう (rutyuu)?} or 流(りゅう)注(ちゅう) • (ryūchū) ^{←りうちゆう (riutyuu)?} (traditional Chinese medicine)

1. tuberculous cold abscess; migratory abscess

Further reading

• “流注”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

Korean

Hanja in this term
流	注

Noun

流注 • (yuju) (hangeul 유주)

1. hanja form^? of 유주 (“migratory deep abscess”)