殺伐

See also: 杀伐

Chinese

		to kill; to murder; to slaughter	(v) cut down; fell; (v) dispatch an expedition against (v) cut down; fell; (v) dispatch an expedition against; descend upon
trad. (殺伐)		殺	伐
simp. (杀伐)		杀	伐

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shāfá, shāfā

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ ㄈㄚˊ, ㄕㄚ ㄈㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saat³ fat⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shāfá
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ ㄈㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shafá
    • Wade–Giles: sha¹-fa²
    • Yale: shā-fá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shafar
    • Palladius: шафа (šafa)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵ fä³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shāfā
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ ㄈㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shafa
    • Wade–Giles: sha¹-fa¹
    • Yale: shā-fā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shafa
    • Palladius: шафа (šafa)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 殺伐 / 杀伐 沙發 / 沙发

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saat³ fat⁶
    • Yale: saat faht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saat⁸ fat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sad³ fed⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːt̚³ fɐt̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: sreat bjot

Rime
Character	殺	伐
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	鎋 (75)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	所八切	房越切
Baxter	sreat	bjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛt̚/	/bʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæt̚/	/bʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæt̚/	/biuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨt̚/	/buat̚/
Li Rong	/ʃɛt̚/	/biuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/ʃæt̚/	/bĭwɐt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂat̚/	/bʱi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sha	fá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saat3	faat6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s<r>at-s  m-pat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sreːd  bad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	殺	伐
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shài	fá
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛjH ›	‹ bjot ›
Old Chinese	/*s<r>at-s/	/*m-pat/
English	diminish	cut; strike; attack
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	殺	伐
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	11010	2859
Phonetic component	杀	伐
Rime group	月	月
Rime subdivision	2	3
Corresponding MC rime	殺	伐
Old Chinese	/*sreːd/	/*bad/

Verb

殺伐

1. (literary) to kill; to murder; to massacre

   • 《太誓》曰：『我武惟揚，侵于之疆，則取于殘，殺伐用張，于湯有光。』 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     《太誓》曰：『我武惟扬，侵于之疆，则取于残，杀伐用张，于汤有光。』 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     “Tài Shì” yuē: ‘Wǒ wǔ wéi yáng, qīn yú zhī jiāng, zé qǔ yú cán, shāfá yòng zhāng, yú Tāng yǒu guāng.’ [Pinyin]

     In the Great Declaration it is said, "My power shall be put forth, and, invading the territories of Shang, I will seize the oppressor. I will put him to death to punish him - so shall the greatness of my work appear, more glorious than that of Tang."

Japanese

Kanji in this term
殺	伐
さつ Grade: 5	ばつ Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
殺伐 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sa̠t͡sɨba̠t͡sɨ]
• (Tokyo) さつばつ [sàtsúbátsú] (Heiban – [0])

Adjective

殺(さつ)伐(ばつ) • (satsubatsu) ^†-tari (adnominal 殺(さつ)伐(ばつ)とした (satsubatsu to shita) or 殺(さつ)伐(ばつ)たる (satsubatsu taru), adverbial 殺(さつ)伐(ばつ)と (satsubatsu to) or 殺(さつ)伐(ばつ)として (satsubatsu to shite))

1. murderous, cruel
   • 2001, "Yoshinoya copypasta" [1]

     吉野家(よしのや)ってのはな、もっと殺伐(さつばつ)としてるべきなんだよ。

     Yoshinoya tte no wa na, motto satsubatsu to shiteru beki na n da yo.

     Yoshinoya really ought to have a harsher, more murderous air about it.

Adjective

殺(さつ)伐(ばつ) • (satsubatsu) -na (adnominal 殺(さつ)伐(ばつ)な (satsubatsu na), adverbial 殺(さつ)伐(ばつ)に (satsubatsu ni))

1. murderous, cruel

Noun

殺(さつ)伐(ばつ) • (satsubatsu) 

1. murderousness, cruelty

Verb

殺(さつ)伐(ばつ)する • (satsubatsu suru) suru (stem 殺(さつ)伐(ばつ)し (satsubatsu shi), past 殺(さつ)伐(ばつ)した (satsubatsu shita))

1. to kill, to murder

Conjugation

Conjugation of "殺伐する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	殺伐し	さつばつし	satsubatsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	殺伐し	さつばつし	satsubatsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	殺伐する	さつばつする	satsubatsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	殺伐する	さつばつする	satsubatsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	殺伐すれ	さつばつすれ	satsubatsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	殺伐せよ¹ 殺伐しろ²	さつばつせよ¹ さつばつしろ²	satsubatsu seyo¹ satsubatsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	殺伐される	さつばつされる	satsubatsu sareru
Causative	殺伐させる 殺伐さす	さつばつさせる さつばつさす	satsubatsu saseru satsubatsu sasu
Potential	殺伐できる	さつばつできる	satsubatsu dekiru
Volitional	殺伐しよう	さつばつしよう	satsubatsu shiyō
Negative	殺伐しない	さつばつしない	satsubatsu shinai
Negative continuative	殺伐せず	さつばつせず	satsubatsu sezu
Formal	殺伐します	さつばつします	satsubatsu shimasu
Perfective	殺伐した	さつばつした	satsubatsu shita
Conjunctive	殺伐して	さつばつして	satsubatsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	殺伐すれば	さつばつすれば	satsubatsu sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “殺伐”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026