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曲

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 麹, 麯, 典, and 麴
曲 U+66F2, 曲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F2
← 曱
[U+66F1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 曳 →
[U+66F3]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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曲 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+2, 6 strokes, Cangjie input 廿田 (TW) or 廿月金 (TBC) or 難廿田 (XTW), four-corner 55600, composition ⿻曰⿰丨丨)

Derived characters

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See also

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 502, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14280
  • Dae Jaweon: page 873, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1484, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+66F2

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 曲
alternative forms 𠚖
𡆪
⿱ 丷 𡆪

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 曲
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogram (指事) – a bent object. Also simplified from 麴 via the variant character 麯 / 曲.

Unrelated to 曹 and 典.

Etymology 1

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used in names of rivers
From Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “river”).
to bend, bent, curved, crooked, wrong
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kəwk (“bend, crooked, return, back, year”) (STEDT under PTB *(k/ʔ)uk). Cognate with Tibetan འགུགས ('gugs, “to bend”), Burmese ကောက် (kauk, “bent, curved, crooked”) (Hill, 2019). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *gɔk (“be crooked, bent, lame”) (Schuessler, 2007).
song
Of uncertain origin. Shuowen claims that it derives from the "turn" sense as describing a melodic contour (compare, for example, English's use of turn to describe a musical figure), but most modern scholars doubt this connection, mostly interpreting the depicted bent object as a wind instrument instead. However, a number of other suggestions have been put forth—a rice container, a basket, a tract of farmland, and so on—which, if correct, would invalidate any obvious direct link between shape and sense. In that case, phonetic borrowing is a likely possibility.
mocking; ridiculing
From 曲線／曲线 (qūxiàn).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • ké̤ṳk - literary;
  • kuóh - vernacular.
Note:
  • khiok - literary;
  • khiak/khek/khak - vernacular;
  • khiau - 蹺 used in the Mainland.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 曲
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ ～折
/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ 大～
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy²¹/ 彎～
/t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 歌～
Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
/t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰiəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰiəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiuk̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰok̚⁵/
Nanning /kʰuk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kʰuk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰiɔk̚³²/
/kʰik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰœyʔ²³/
/kʰwoʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰy²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xok̚⁵/ ～調
/xiak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 丘玉切
Baxter khjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰuawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiok̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭwok̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		huk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰ(r)ok/
English to bend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
No. 10578
Phonetic
component 		曲
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		曲
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰoɡ/
Definitions
[edit]

曲

Wikipedia has articles on:
  1. not straight; bent
    1. twisting
    2. curved
      曲線／曲线  ―  qūxiàn  ―  curve
    3. crooked
  2. wrong; not right
  3. (Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly Internet slang) mocking; ridiculing; /s
  4. a surname
  5. Used in names of rivers in Tibet and surrounding regions.
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Note:
  • ké̤ṳk - literary;
  • kuóh - vernacular.
Note:
  • khiok - literary;
  • khiak/khek - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 曲
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ ～折
/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ 大～
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy²¹/ 彎～
/t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 歌～
Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
/t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰiəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰiəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiuk̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰok̚⁵/
Nanning /kʰuk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kʰuk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰiɔk̚³²/
/kʰik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰœyʔ²³/
/kʰwoʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰy²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xok̚⁵/ ～調
/xiak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 丘玉切
Baxter khjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰuawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiok̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭwok̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		huk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰ(r)ok/
English to bend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
No. 10578
Phonetic
component 		曲
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		曲
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰoɡ/
Definitions
[edit]

曲

  1. song
    歌曲  ―  gēqǔ  ―  song
    曲調／曲调  ―  qǔdiào  ―  melody
  2. Qu (poetry)
    元曲  ―  yuánqǔ  ―  Yuan Qu

Synonyms

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  • (song):
Compounds
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Descendants

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  • Middle Chinese: 曲 (khjowk)

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 曲 – see 麴 (“yeast; leaven; wine; alcoholic beverage; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified form of 麴).
Notes:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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曲

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. song, melody, composition
  2. bent, curve
  3. to turn, to twist
  4. crooked

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
曲
きょく
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 曲 (MC khjowk).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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曲(きょく) • (kyoku) ←きよく (kyoku)?

  1. a piece of music

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
曲
わ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 曲 – see the following entry.
【回わ】2
[noun] (obsolete) a bend (of an area)
(This term, 曲, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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Historical readings

曲 (eumhun 굽을 곡 (gubeul gok))

  1. hanja form? of 곡 (“bent; twisted; curved”)
  2. hanja form? of 곡 (“a piece of music; tune”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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曲: Hán Việt readings: khúc (丘(khâu)六(lục)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
曲: Nôm readings: khúc[1][2][3][4][5][6]

  1. chữ Hán form of khúc (“bent; curved”)
  2. chữ Hán form of khúc (“piece; section; chunk; tune; song”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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