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升

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 昇 and 陞
升 U+5347, 升
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5347
← 卆
[U+5346] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 午 →
[U+5348]

Translingual

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Stroke order
4 strokes

Han character

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升 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+2, 4 strokes, Cangjie input 竹廿 (HT), four-corner 24400, composition ⿱丿廾)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

See also

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2702
  • Dae Jaweon: page 353, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 33, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5347

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 升
alternative forms 昇 “to rise; to promote”
陞 “to rise; to promote”
斘

Glyph origin

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Qin-era bronze standard dipper measuring one 升 (shēng) (sheng)
Historical forms of the character 升
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (升) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
升 *hljɯŋ
昇 *hljɯŋ
陞 *hljɯŋ
抍 *hljɯŋ, *ʔljɯŋʔ

Pictogram (象形) of a dipper, compare 斗.

Etymology

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Perhaps a causative of 乘 (OC *ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs, “to ascend”); may be cognate with 騰 (OC *l'ɯːŋ, “to rise”) (Schuessler, 2007), or a doublet of 興 (OC *qʰɯŋ, *qʰɯŋs, “to rise”) (Bodman, 1980).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sĭng - literary ("to rise");
  • cĭng - vernacular (measuring unit).
Note:
  • seng - literary ("to rise");
  • chin - vernacular (measuring unit).
Rime
Character 升
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 識蒸切
Baxter sying
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕiŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭəŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shēng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 升 升
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shēng shēng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sying › ‹ sying ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-təŋ/ /*s-təŋ/
English 1/10th of a dǒu ⽃斗 rise (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 升
Reading # 1/1
No. 11300
Phonetic
component 		升
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		升
Old
Chinese 		/*hljɯŋ/

Definitions

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Wikipedia has articles on:

升

  1. a volume unit of measure:
    1. (historical) sheng, equal to 10 合 (gě)
    2. litre (unit of measure for volume, chiefly for liquid measure, equal to one thousandth of the cubic metre)
      常用容積單位升和毫升，也可以寫成L和mL。 [MSC, trad.]
      常用容积单位升和毫升，也可以写成L和mL。 [MSC, simp.]
      Chángyòng róngjī dānwèi shēng hé háoshēng, yě kěyǐ xiě chéng L hé mL. [Pinyin]
      Commonly used volume units such as litres and millilitres can also be written as L and mL.
  2. to rise; to go up; to soar; to ascend (literally or figuratively)
    東升西落／东升西落  ―  dōng shēng xī luò  ―  to rise in the east and set in the west
    升值  ―  shēngzhí  ―  (finance) to appreciate (literally, “to rise in value”)
  3. to raise; to lift; to elevate; to promote
    升降機／升降机  ―  shēngjiàngjī  ―  elevator (literally, “raising and lowering mechanism”)
    老闆升了你的職。 [MSC, trad.]
    老板升了你的职。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lǎobǎn shēngle nǐde zhí. [Pinyin]
    The boss gave you a promotion (literally, “promoted your rank”).
  4. 46th hexagram of the I Ching; ䷭
  5. used in 升平 (shēngpíng, “peaceful”)
  6. (music) sharp (♯)
  7. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 公升 (“litre”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 公升, 升, 立升 Mainland China, 市升 Mainland China
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 升
Taiwan 公升
Chengde 升
Chifeng 升
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 升
Heihe 升
Qiqihar 升
Harbin 升
Jiamusi 升
Baicheng 升
Changchun 升
Tonghua 升
Shenyang 升
Jinzhou 升
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 升
Tangshan 升
Cangzhou 升
Baoding 升
Shijiazhuang 升
Lijin 升
Jinan 升
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 升
Dandong 升
Yantai 升
Qingdao 升
Zhucheng 升
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 升
Jining 升
Linfen 升
Shangqiu 升
Yuanyang 升
Zhengzhou 升
Xinyang 升
Baihe 升
Xi'an 升
Baoji 升
Tianshui 升
Xining 升
Dunhuang (Hedong dialect) 升
Xuzhou 升
Fuyang 升
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 利特爾
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 升
Lanzhou 升
Hami 升
Ürümqi 升
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 升
Nanchong 升
Dazhou 升
Hanyuan 升
Xichang 升
Zigong 升
Chongqing 升
Wuhan 升
Yichang 升
Xiangyang 升
Tianmen 升
Guiyang 升
Zunyi 升
Bijie 升子
Liping 升
Zhaotong 升
Dali 升
Kunming 升
Mengzi 升
Guilin 升
Liuzhou 升
Jishou 升
Changde 升
Hanzhong 升
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 升
Yangzhou 升
Lianyungang 升
Lianshui 升
Nantong 升
Anqing 升
Wuhu 升
Hefei 升
Hong'an 升
Cantonese Hong Kong 公升, 升, L
Huizhou Shexian 升
Jin Taiyuan 升
Yangyuan 升
Datong 升
Xinzhou 升
Lüliang (Lishi) 升
Changzhi 升
Linhe 升
Jining 升
Hohhot 升
Erenhot 升
Pingshan 升
Zhangjiakou 升
Handan 升
Linzhou 升
Suide 升
Southern Min Xiamen 公升, 市升

Descendants

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(Historical unit of measure)

  • → Tocharian B: ṣank

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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升

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to rise, to ascend
  2. measuring box

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
升
ます
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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升(ます) • (masu)  (counter 升)

  1. a unit of volume, equal to 2401⁄1331 litres (approximately 1804 millilitres)
    1. a box used for measuring or serving that amount of sake
    2. (bottled wine) a unit of volume, equal to 1800 millilitres

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
升
しょう
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 升 (MC sying).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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升(しょう) • (shō) ←しよう (syou)?

  1. a unit of volume, equal to 10 合(ごう) (gō) or about 1.8 liters

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
升
ます
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From the similarity of the character to the katakana チート (chīto, “cheat”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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升(ます) • (masu) 

  1. (video games, Internet slang) alternative form of チート (“cheat”)

References

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 升 (MC sying).

Historical readings

Hanja

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升 (eum 승 (seung))

  1. (되 승): A unit of volume equivalent to about 1.8 L.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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升: Hán Nôm readings: thăng, thưng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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