刣
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]刣 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 戈口中弓 (IRLN), composition ⿰台刂)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1922
- Dae Jaweon: page 311, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 332, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5223
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 胎 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 胎 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 台 | *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ |
| 邰 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 鮐 | *l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ |
| 孡 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 苔 | *l'ɯː |
| 抬 | *l'ɯː |
| 駘 | *l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ |
| 炱 | *l'ɯː |
| 菭 | *l'ɯː, *l'i |
| 跆 | *l'ɯː |
| 殆 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 怠 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 迨 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 紿 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 詒 | *l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ |
| 軩 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 咍 | *hlɯː |
| 佁 | *lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ |
| 枲 | *slɯʔ |
| 辝 | *ljɯ |
| 鈶 | *ljɯʔ |
| 笞 | *l̥ʰɯ |
| 齝 | *l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ |
| 眙 | *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ |
| 治 | *l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is |
| 始 | *hljɯʔ |
| 怡 | *lɯ |
| 貽 | *lɯ |
| 飴 | *lɯ |
| 瓵 | *lɯ |
| 珆 | *li |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): phonetic 台 + semantic 刂 (“knife”).
Etymology 1
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
刣 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𠛀 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
- Wade–Giles: chung1
- Yale: jūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
- Palladius: чжун (čžun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zung1
- Yale: jūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzung1
- Guangdong Romanization: zung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
Definitions
[edit]刣
Etymology 2
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
刣 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Often considered a substrate word. Compare (Deng, 1994, Schuessler, 2007):
- Proto-Hmong-Mien *təjH (“to kill”) ~ Proto-Hmong-Mien *dəjH (“to die”)
- White Hmong tua (“to kill”)
- White Hmong tuag (“to die”)
- Proto-Austronesian *pa-aCay (“to kill”) ~ Proto-Austronesian *ma-aCay (“to die”)
- Proto-Tai *p.taːjᴬ (“to die”)
Norman (1979) suggests that this derives from 治 (MC dri, “to regulate; to clean (fish)”) instead. This usage is still used in some Mandarin dialects (usually meaning “to clean (fish)”) and Hakka chhṳ̀ (“to slaughter (livestock)”), often written as 㓾.
Alternatively, some have suggested that 夷 (MC yij, “to be level; to pacify; to kill”) is the original character.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): tî
- Eastern Min (BUC): tài
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tai2
- Southern Min
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thái
- Hakka Romanization System: taiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tai3
- Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: taiˋ
- Sinological IPA: /tʰai⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tî
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tài
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰai⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tai2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tái
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰai¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tai2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰai²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
Definitions
[edit]刣
- (Hakka, Min) to slaughter (an animal)
- 刣豬／刣猪 [Hokkien] ― thâi ti [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to slaughter a pig
- 刣豬／刣猪 [Eastern Min] ― tài-*dṳ̆ / [tʰai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ty⁵⁵] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― to slaughter a pig
- (Taiwanese Hakka) to pare with a knife horizontally
- (Fuzhou Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) to kill (a person)
- 刣死 [Hokkien] ― thâi-sí [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to kill
- (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to cut open
- 刣西瓜 [Hokkien] ― thâi si-koe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to cut a watermelon
- (Hokkien) to cut; to gash
- (Hokkien) to fight a battle; to go to war
- (Hokkien) to delete; to remove; to cross out
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) to beat down the price; to haggle
Synonyms
[edit]| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 殺 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 殺 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 殺 |
| Taiwan | 殺 | |
| Malaysia | 殺 | |
| Singapore | 殺 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 殺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 殺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 殺 |
| Wanrong | 殺 | |
| Xi'an | 殺 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 殺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 殺 |
| Wuhan | 殺 | |
| Guilin | 殺 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 殺 |
| Yangzhou | 殺 | |
| Hefei | 殺 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 殺 |
| Hong Kong | 殺 | |
| Yangjiang | 殺 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 殺 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 殺 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 殺 |
| Lichuan | 殺 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 殺 |
| Yudu | 殺 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 殺 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 殺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 殺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 刣 |
| Fuqing | 殺 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 刣 |
| Quanzhou | 刣 | |
| Jinjiang | 刣 | |
| Yongchun | 刣 | |
| Zhangzhou | 刣 | |
| Tainan | 刣 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 刣 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 刣 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 刣 | |
| Chaozhou | 刣 | |
| Shantou | 刣 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 刣 | |
| Jieyang | 刣 | |
| Lufeng | 刣 | |
| Haifeng | 刣 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 刣 | |
| Leizhou | 殺 | |
| Wenchang | 殺 | |
| Haikou | 殺 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 殺 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 殺 | |
| Suzhou | 殺 | |
| Hangzhou | 殺 | |
| Wenzhou | 殺 | |
| Jinhua | 殺 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 殺 |
| Loudi | 殺 | |
| Shuangfeng | 殺 | |
Compounds
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “刣”, in 《教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典》 [Ministry of Education Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Taiwanese Hokkien), 中華民國教育部 [Ministry of Education, R.O.C.], 2026.
- “刣”, in 《臺灣客語辭典》 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
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