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丘

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 丠, 坵, and 兵
丘 U+4E18, 丘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E18
← 丗
[U+4E17] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丙 →
[U+4E19]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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丘 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 人一 (OM), four-corner 72101, composition ⿱斤一)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical number 293.

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33
  • Dae Jaweon: page 156, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 17, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E18

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 丘
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j19598
j19599
j19600
j19601
j19602
j19603
j19604
j19605
j19606
j19607
j19608
j19609
j19610
j19611
j19612
j19613
j19614
j19615
j19616
j19618
j19619
j19620
j19621
j19622
j19623
b12629
b12630
b12631
b12632
b12633
s05951
s05952
Transcribed ancient scripts
L11667
L11668
L11669
L11670
L11671
L11672
L11673
L11674
L11675
L11676
L11677
L11678
L11679
L11680
L11665
L11666
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丘 *kʰʷɯ
邱 *kʰʷɯ
蚯 *kʰʷɯ
丠 *kʰʷɯ

Ideogram (指事) – hill. Earlier form closer to 丠, as in 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa). Compare 山. Unrelated to 兵 and 斤.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 丘
alternative forms
丠
㐀
𡊣
㘳
坵
丠
㐀
𡊣
㘳
坵
𠀈
𠀉
𠀌
 

Wang (1982) relates this word to 墟 (xū) "ruin-mound". However, Schuessler (2007) disagrees.

Schuessler considers two homophones 丘, "hill, mound" and 丘 "village, district" to be the same word as settlements were often built on elevated grounds (for a parallel see 京 (jīng)) and traces this word's etymology to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwəʔ (“village”); within Sinitic, 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) is cognate with 里 (OC *rɯʔ) "village" and 街 (OC *kreː, *kreː) "road crossing, street"; outsides Sinitic, cognate with Mizo khua (“village”), Lai khûa (“village, cosmos”), and Burmese ရွာ (rwa, “village”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • kŭ - vernacular;
  • kiŭ - literary (incl. surname).
Note:
  • ku1 - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • kiu1 - literary.
Note:
  • khu - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • khiu - literary.
Note:
  • ku1 - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • kiu1 - literary.
Rime
Character 丘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 去鳩切
Baxter khjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰiu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰuw/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiu/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭəu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʷʰə/
English hill, mound

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丘
Reading # 1/1
No. 10523
Phonetic
component 		丘
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		丘
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰʷɯ/

Definitions

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丘

  1. mound; hill
    山丘  ―  shānqiū  ―  hill
    沙丘  ―  shāqiū  ―  dune
  2. grave
  3. to place a coffin in a temporary shelter pending burial
  4. (dialectal) Classifier for fields: plot
  5. (obsolete) ruins
  6. (obsolete) empty
  7. a surname
    丘成桐 [Cantonese]  ―  jau1 sing4 tung4 [Jyutping]  ―  Shing-Tung Yau (mathematician)

Usage notes

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See 邱 (qiū).

See also
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  • (hills): 山 (shān)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Since the Song dynasty, this character may be read as 某 (mǒu) to prevent mentioning the name of Confucius.

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see 兵 (“weapon; army; troops; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 兵).

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see 蚯 (“earthworm”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 蚯).
Notes:

Japanese

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Kanji

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丘

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. Hillock
  2. Mound
  3. Hill
  4. Grave

Readings

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  • Go-on: く (ku)
  • Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)←きう (kiu, historical)
  • Kun: おか (oka, 丘, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
丘
おか
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see the following entry.
【おか】
[noun] 丘, 岡: hill
[proper noun] a surname
Alternative spelling
岡
(This term, 丘, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
丘
つかさ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see the following entry.
【つかさ】
[noun] [from 712] 阜, 丘, 高処: (archaic, possibly obsolete) a small hill, a mound
Alternative spellings
阜, 高処
(This term, 丘, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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Korean

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 丘 (MC khjuw). Recorded as Middle Korean 구 (kwu) (Yale: kwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

丘 (eumhun 언덕 구 (eondeok gu))

  1. hanja form? of 구 (“small hill”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Kunigami

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Kanji

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丘

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 丘(おか) (oka).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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丘(ふぁーい) (fāi) 

  1. hill

Vietnamese

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Han character

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丘: Hán Việt readings: khiêu, khâu, khưu
丘: Nôm readings: khâu, kheo, khưu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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