હોવું

Gujarati

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwHeti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰáwHati

Sanskrit भव॑ति (bhávati)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀺 (bhavati)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti)

Prakrit 𑀳𑁄𑀇 (hoi)

Gujarati હોવું

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀳𑁄𑀇 (hoi), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti), from 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀺 (bhavati), from Sanskrit भव॑ति (bhávati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰáwHati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwHeti, from *bʰuH-. See also છે (che), હતું (hatũ).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Gujarati) IPA^(key): /ˈɦɔ.ʋũ/, [ˈɔ̤ʋũ]

Verb

હોવું • (hŏvũ)

1. (transitive, copulative) to be (used to indicate that the subject and object are the same)

   તમારું નામ શું છે? ― tamārũ nām śũ chě? ― What is your name?

2. (transitive, copulative) to be, become (to have or gain the quality of)

   તમે ગુસ્સામાં છો? ― tame gussāmā̃ cho? ― Are you angry?

   ખોરાક બહુ ખરાબ છે. ― khorāk bahu kharāb chě. ― The food is very bad.

3. (intransitive) to exist

   આસ્તિક કહે છે કે ભગવાન છે.

   āstik kahě chě ke bhagvān chě.

   Theists say that God exists.

4. (intransitive) to be (occupy a certain location)

   મારો ભત્રીજો ક્યાં છે?

   māro bhatrījo kyā̃ chě?

   Where is my nephew?

5. (intransitive) a conjunct verb turning any noun or adjective into a verb

   ખબર હોવી ― khabar hovī ― to know

6. (intransitive) a tense auxiliary

   હું ટીવી જોઉં છું ― hũ ṭīvī joũ chũ ― I am watching TV.

   તું કામ કરતી હતી ― tũ kām kartī hatī ― You were working

Usage notes

• The concept of having is translated via this verb, along with પાસે (pāse, “near”):

  મારી પાસે કાગળિયું છે

  mārī pāse kāgaḷiyũ che

  I have the paper (the paper is near to me)

  રાજેશની પાસે ગાડી હતી

  rājeśnī pāse gāḍī hatī

  Rajesh had the car (the car was near to Rajesh)

  • In this type of expression, the possessed object is the subject of the verb, which can be seen by the fact that the second sentence has the feminine past હતી (hatī) in agreement with ગાડી (gāḍī, “car”), instead of (masculine) Rajesh.
• The imperative is usually suppleted with the imperative form of થવું (thavũ, “to become”) or રહેવું (rahevũ, “to remain”) depending on whether the state of being is beginning or continuing respectively.

  ખુશ થા

  khuś thā

  Be happy (become happy)

  ખુશ રહે

  khuś rahe

  Be happy (stay happy)

Conjugation

Conjugation of હોવું

verbal noun હોવાનું hovānũ negative present progressive નથી હોતું nathī hotũ3 conjunctive હોઈ hoī past હતું hatũ3 consecutive હોઈને hoīne negative past ન હતું, નહોતું na hatũ, nahotũ3 desiderative હોવું હોવું hovũ hovũ1 past progressive —5 potential હોઈ શકવું hoī śakvũ2 future progressive, presumptive —5 passive — present subjunctive —5 contrafactual હોત hot contrafactual —5 first second third singular plural plural singular formal informal હું અમે, આપણે તમે તું આ, આઓ, તે, તેઓ simple present છું chũ છીએ chīe છો cho છે che conditional હોઉં hoũ હોઈએ hoīe હો ho હોય hoy habitual હોઉં છું hoũ chũ હોઈએ છીએ hoīe chīe હો છો ho cho હોય છે hoy che future હોઈશ hoīś હોઈશું hoīśũ હશો haśo હશે, હોઈશ haśe, hoīś હશે haśe negative future નહીં હોઉં nahī̃ hoũ નહીં હોઈએ nahī̃ hoīe નહીં હો nahī̃ ho નહીં હોય nahī̃ hoy negative conditional ન હોઉં na hoũ ન હોઈએ na hoīe ન હો na ho ન હોય na hoy present imperative — હોઈએ hoīe —4 હો ho4 — future imperative — — —4 —4 — negative imperative — —4 —4 ન હો na ho4 —

¹ The first હોવું does not get conjugated here.
² શકવું (śakvũ) is to be conjugated normally.
³ These terms are declined exactly like adjectives to agree with the gender and number of the subject.
⁴ See usage notes.
⁵ The expected form would include હોવું (hovũ) itself, which would be redundant and is typically avoided except in the desiderative.

See also

• નથી (nathī)
• થવું (thavũ)

Further reading

• “હોવું”, in Gujaratilexicon.com [Gujarati-English dictionary], Arnion Technologies, 2009.