हिम

See also: ह्म, हम, and हामी

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हिम (himá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós (“cold, frost”). Doublet of हिँव (hĩv), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɦɪm/, [ɦɪ̃m]

Noun

हिम • (him) m (Urdu spelling ہم)

1. snow, ice, frost

   Synonym: बर्फ़ (barf)

   अगला हिम युग कब आएगा इसका सटीक आकलन फ़िलहाल नहीं किया जा सका है।

   aglā him yug kab āegā iskā saṭīk āklan filhāl nahī̃ kiyā jā sakā hai.

   Currently, we cannot accurately estimate when the next ice age will arrive.

Declension

Declension of हिम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	हिम him	हिम him
oblique	हिम him	हिमों himõ
vocative	हिम him	हिमो himo

Derived terms

• हिम कमल (him kamal, “snow lotus”)
• हिम तेंदुआ (him tenduā, “snow leopard”)
• हिमकंदुक (himkanduk, “snowball”)
• हिमखंड (himkhaṇḍ, “iceberg”)
• हिमनदी (himandī, “glacier, ice-river”)
• हिमपात (himpāt, “snowfall”)
• हिममानव (himmānav, “snowman”)
• हिमलंब (himlamb, “icicle”)
• हिमवंत (himvant, “snow-like, bright”)
• हिमशिखर (himśikhar, “ice-cap”)
• हिमशैल (himśail, “iceberg”)
• हिमांक (himāṅk, “freezing point”)
• हिमांशु (himāñśu, “moon”)
• हिमाचल (himācal, “land of snow-clad mountains”)
• हिमाद्रि (himādri, “snow peak”)
• हिमानी (himānī, “glacier”)
• हिमालय (himālay, “abode of snow”)
• हिमेश (himeś, “lord of snow”)

References

• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “हिम”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• hima (Latin script)
• 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• হিম (Bengali script)
• හිම (Sinhalese script)
• ဟိမ or ႁိမ (Burmese script)
• หิม or หิมะ (Thai script)
• ᩉᩥᨾ (Tai Tham script)
• ຫິມ or ຫິມະ (Lao script)
• ហិម (Khmer script)
• 𑄦𑄨𑄟 (Chakma script)

Noun

हिम n

1. Devanagari script form of hima (“snow”)

Declension

Declension table of "हिम" (neuter)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	हिमं (himaṃ)	हिमानि (himāni)
Accusative (second)	हिमं (himaṃ)	हिमानि (himāni)
Instrumental (third)	हिमेन (himena)	हिमेहि (himehi) or हिमेभि (himebhi)
Dative (fourth)	हिमस्स (himassa) or हिमाय (himāya) or हिमत्थं (himatthaṃ)	हिमानं (himānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	हिमस्मा (himasmā) or हिमम्हा (himamhā) or हिमा (himā)	हिमेहि (himehi) or हिमेभि (himebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	हिमस्स (himassa)	हिमानं (himānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	हिमस्मिं (himasmiṃ) or हिमम्हि (himamhi) or हिमे (hime)	हिमेसु (himesu)
Vocative (calling)	हिम (hima)	हिमानि (himāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• হিম (Assamese script)
• ᬳᬶᬫ (Balinese script)
• হিম (Bengali script)
• 𑰮𑰰𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ဟိမ (Burmese script)
• હિમ (Gujarati script)
• ਹਿਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌹𑌿𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦲꦶꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂯𑂱𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಹಿಮ (Kannada script)
• ហិម (Khmer script)
• ຫິມ (Lao script)
• ഹിമ (Malayalam script)
• ᡥᡳᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘮𑘱𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠾᠢᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧎𑧒𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐴𑐶𑐩 (Newa script)
• ହିମ (Odia script)
• ꢲꢶꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆲𑆴𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖮𑖰𑖦 (Siddham script)
• හිම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪂𑩑𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚩𑚮𑚢 (Takri script)
• ஹிம (Tamil script)
• హిమ (Telugu script)
• หิม (Thai script)
• ཧི་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒯𑒱𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨱𑨁𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey-

Proto-Indo-European *-ōm

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás

Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰimás

Sanskrit हि॒म

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰimás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós, from *ǵʰey- + *-ōm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬃 (ziiā̊), Ashkun žím, Kamkata-viri źím, Waigali zim, Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma), Hittite 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (giman), Latin hiems, Lithuanian žiema, Old Church Slavonic зима (zima).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦi.mɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɦi.mɐ/

Noun

हि॒म • (himá) stem, m

1. cold, frost
2. the cold season, winter

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हि॒म

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हि॒मः himáḥ	हि॒मौ, हि॒मा1 himáu, himā́1	हि॒माः, हि॒मासः॑1 himā́ḥ, himā́saḥ1
accusative	हि॒मम् himám	हि॒मौ, हि॒मा1 himáu, himā́1	हि॒मान् himā́n
instrumental	हि॒मेन॑ hiména	हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām	हि॒मैः, हि॒मेभिः॑1 himáiḥ, himébhiḥ1
dative	हि॒माय॑ himā́ya	हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ himébhyaḥ
ablative	हि॒मात् himā́t	हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ himébhyaḥ
genitive	हि॒मस्य॑ himásya	हि॒मयोः॑ himáyoḥ	हि॒माना॑म् himā́nām
locative	हि॒मे himé	हि॒मयोः॑ himáyoḥ	हि॒मेषु॑ himéṣu
vocative	हिम॑ híma	हिमौ॑, हिमा॑1 hímau, hímā1	हिमाः॑, हिमा॑सः1 hímāḥ, hímāsaḥ1

¹Vedic.

Noun

हि॒म • (himá) stem, n

1. frost, hoarfrost, snow (rarely "ice")
2. sandalwood (of cooling properties)

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of हि॒म

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हि॒मम् himám	हि॒मे himé	हि॒मानि॑, हि॒मा1 himā́ni, himā́1
accusative	हि॒मम् himám	हि॒मे himé	हि॒मानि॑, हि॒मा1 himā́ni, himā́1
instrumental	हि॒मेन॑ hiména	हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām	हि॒मैः, हि॒मेभिः॑1 himáiḥ, himébhiḥ1
dative	हि॒माय॑ himā́ya	हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ himébhyaḥ
ablative	हि॒मात् himā́t	हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ himébhyaḥ
genitive	हि॒मस्य॑ himásya	हि॒मयोः॑ himáyoḥ	हि॒माना॑म् himā́nām
locative	हि॒मे himé	हि॒मयोः॑ himáyoḥ	हि॒मेषु॑ himéṣu
vocative	हिम॑ híma	हिमे॑ híme	हिमा॑नि, हिमा॑1 hímāni, hímā1

¹Vedic.

Derived terms

• हिमाचल (himācala)

Descendants

Inherited

• Dardic:
  • Chitrali:
    • Khowar: ہیم (him)
  • Kashmiric:
    • Kashmiri: ⇒ ہِمُن (himun, “to snow”)
  • Kohistani:
    • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (hī̃)
    • Kalami: ہم (him)
    • Torwali: ہم (him)
    • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (īm)
  • Kunar:
    • Gawar-Bati: ہم (hīm)
    • Grangali: [script needed] (im)
    • Shumashti: [script needed] (īm)
  • Pashayi:
    • Northeast Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
    • Northwest Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
    • Southeast Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
    • Southwest Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
  • Shinaic:
    • Dangari:
      • Savi: [script needed] (hina)
    • Shina: ہم (him)
• Pali: hima
• Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (hima)
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Hindi: हिँव (hĩv)
  • Insular Indo-Aryan:
    • Sinhalese: හිම (hima)
  • Northern Indo-Aryan:
    • Garhwali: हिउँ (hiũ)
    • Kumaoni: हिउँ (hiũ)
    • Nepali: हिउँ (hiũ)
  • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    • Punjabi: ਹਿਓ (hio)
  • Southern Indo-Aryan:
    • Konkani: इंव (ĩv)
    • Old Marathi: 𑘮𑘱𑘽𑘪 (hiṃva)
      • Marathi: हिंव (hiuva)
  • Western Indo-Aryan:
    • Romani: iv

Borrowed

• → Hindi: हिम (him)
• → Kannada: ಹಿಮ (hima)
• → Santali: ᱦᱤᱢ (him)
• → Tamil: இமம் (imam)
• → Telugu: హిమము (himamu)
• → Thai: หิมะ (hì-má)
• → Lao: ຫິມະ (hi ma)
• → Shan: ႁီႉမႃႉ (hḭ̂i mâ̰a)

See also

Seasons in Sanskrit · ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) (layout · text) · category
वसन्त (vasanta, “spring”)	ग्रीष्म (grīṣma, “summer”)	शरद् (śarad, “autumn”)	हेमन्त (hemanta, “winter”) शिशिर (śiśira, “winter”)

Adjective

हि॒म • (himá) stem

1. cold, cool

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हि॒म singular dual plural nominative हि॒मः himáḥ हि॒मौ, हि॒मा1 himáu, himā́1 हि॒माः, हि॒मासः॑1 himā́ḥ, himā́saḥ1 accusative हि॒मम् himám हि॒मौ, हि॒मा1 himáu, himā́1 हि॒मान् himā́n instrumental हि॒मेन॑ hiména हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām हि॒मैः, हि॒मेभिः॑1 himáiḥ, himébhiḥ1 dative हि॒माय॑ himā́ya हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām हि॒मेभ्यः॑ himébhyaḥ ablative हि॒मात् himā́t हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām हि॒मेभ्यः॑ himébhyaḥ genitive हि॒मस्य॑ himásya हि॒मयोः॑ himáyoḥ हि॒माना॑म् himā́nām locative हि॒मे himé हि॒मयोः॑ himáyoḥ हि॒मेषु॑ himéṣu vocative हिम॑ híma हिमौ॑, हिमा॑1 hímau, hímā1 हिमाः॑, हिमा॑सः1 hímāḥ, hímāsaḥ1 1Vedic. Feminine ā-stem declension of हि॒मा singular dual plural nominative हि॒मा himā́ हि॒मे himé हि॒माः himā́ḥ accusative हि॒माम् himā́m हि॒मे himé हि॒माः himā́ḥ instrumental हि॒मया॑, हि॒मा1 himáyā, himā́1 हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām हि॒माभिः॑ himā́bhiḥ dative हि॒मायै॑ himā́yai हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām हि॒माभ्यः॑ himā́bhyaḥ ablative हि॒मायाः॑, हि॒मायै॑2 himā́yāḥ, himā́yai2 हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām हि॒माभ्यः॑ himā́bhyaḥ genitive हि॒मायाः॑, हि॒मायै॑2 himā́yāḥ, himā́yai2 हि॒मयोः॑ himáyoḥ हि॒माना॑म् himā́nām locative हि॒माया॑म् himā́yām हि॒मयोः॑ himáyoḥ हि॒मासु॑ himā́su vocative हिमे॑ híme हिमे॑ híme हिमाः॑ hímāḥ 1Vedic. 2Brāhmaṇas. Neuter a-stem declension of हि॒म singular dual plural nominative हि॒मम् himám हि॒मे himé हि॒मानि॑, हि॒मा1 himā́ni, himā́1 accusative हि॒मम् himám हि॒मे himé हि॒मानि॑, हि॒मा1 himā́ni, himā́1 instrumental हि॒मेन॑ hiména हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām हि॒मैः, हि॒मेभिः॑1 himáiḥ, himébhiḥ1 dative हि॒माय॑ himā́ya हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām हि॒मेभ्यः॑ himébhyaḥ ablative हि॒मात् himā́t हि॒माभ्या॑म् himā́bhyām हि॒मेभ्यः॑ himébhyaḥ genitive हि॒मस्य॑ himásya हि॒मयोः॑ himáyoḥ हि॒माना॑म् himā́nām locative हि॒मे himé हि॒मयोः॑ himáyoḥ हि॒मेषु॑ himéṣu vocative हिम॑ híma हिमे॑ híme हिमा॑नि, हिमा॑1 hímāni, hímā1 1Vedic.

Related terms

• हेमन् (heman)
• हेमन्त (hemanta)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “हिम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1298/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 815-6
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “himá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press