حرب

See also: ح ر ب

Arabic

Root
ح ر ب (ḥ r b)
12 terms

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *x̣arb-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew חֶרֶב (ḥɛ́rɛḇ, “sword”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħa.ri.ba/

Verb

حَرِبَ • (ḥariba) I (non-past يَحْرَبُ (yaḥrabu), verbal noun حَرَب (ḥarab))

1. to be enraged, to be furious, to be angry

Conjugation

Conjugation of حَرِبَ (I, sound, i ~ a, no passive, verbal noun حَرَب)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						حَرَب ḥarab
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						حَرِب ḥarib
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى				plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past indicative (perfect) الْمَاضِي	m	حَرِبْتُ ḥaribtu	حَرِبْتَ ḥaribta	حَرِبَ ḥariba		حَرِبْنَا ḥaribnā	حَرِبْتُمَا ḥaribtumā	حَرِبَا ḥaribā		حَرِبْنَا ḥaribnā	حَرِبْتُمْ ḥaribtum	حَرِبُوا ḥaribū
	f		حَرِبْتِ ḥaribti	حَرِبَتْ ḥaribat				حَرِبَتَا ḥaribatā			حَرِبْتُنَّ ḥaribtunna	حَرِبْنَ ḥaribna
non-past indicative (imperfect) الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَحْرَبُ ʔaḥrabu	تَحْرَبُ taḥrabu	يَحْرَبُ yaḥrabu		نَحْرَبُ naḥrabu	تَحْرَبَانِ taḥrabāni	يَحْرَبَانِ yaḥrabāni		نَحْرَبُ naḥrabu	تَحْرَبُونَ taḥrabūna	يَحْرَبُونَ yaḥrabūna
	f		تَحْرَبِينَ taḥrabīna	تَحْرَبُ taḥrabu				تَحْرَبَانِ taḥrabāni			تَحْرَبْنَ taḥrabna	يَحْرَبْنَ yaḥrabna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَحْرَبَ ʔaḥraba	تَحْرَبَ taḥraba	يَحْرَبَ yaḥraba		نَحْرَبَ naḥraba	تَحْرَبَا taḥrabā	يَحْرَبَا yaḥrabā		نَحْرَبَ naḥraba	تَحْرَبُوا taḥrabū	يَحْرَبُوا yaḥrabū
	f		تَحْرَبِي taḥrabī	تَحْرَبَ taḥraba				تَحْرَبَا taḥrabā			تَحْرَبْنَ taḥrabna	يَحْرَبْنَ yaḥrabna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَحْرَبْ ʔaḥrab	تَحْرَبْ taḥrab	يَحْرَبْ yaḥrab		نَحْرَبْ naḥrab	تَحْرَبَا taḥrabā	يَحْرَبَا yaḥrabā		نَحْرَبْ naḥrab	تَحْرَبُوا taḥrabū	يَحْرَبُوا yaḥrabū
	f		تَحْرَبِي taḥrabī	تَحْرَبْ taḥrab				تَحْرَبَا taḥrabā			تَحْرَبْنَ taḥrabna	يَحْرَبْنَ yaḥrabna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِحْرَبْ iḥrab				اِحْرَبَا iḥrabā				اِحْرَبُوا iḥrabū
	f		اِحْرَبِي iḥrabī								اِحْرَبْنَ iḥrabna

Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic *x̣arb-. Feminine because it meant a tool in Proto-Semitic, namely a blade.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħarb/

Noun

حَرْب • (ḥarb) f (plural حُرُوب (ḥurūb)) (countable and uncountable)

1. war

   Antonyms: سِلْم (silm), سَلَام (salām)

   تَتْرُكُ ٱلْحُرُوبُ أَثَرًا طَوِيلَ ٱلْأَمَدِ عَلَى ٱلْمُجْتَمَعَاتِ ٱلْمُتَضَرِّرَةِ.

   tatruku l-ḥurūbu ʔaṯaran ṭawīla l-ʔamadi ʕalā l-mujtamaʕāti l-mutaḍarrirati.

   Wars leave a long-lasting impact on affected communities.

   أَدَّتِ الْحَرْبُ إِلَى فَظَائِعَ شَنِيعَةٍ لَا يُتَحَدَّثُ عَنْهَا.

   ʔaddat-i l-ḥarb-u ʔilā faẓāʔiʕ-a šanīʕat-in lā tuḏkar.

   The war led to horrific atrocities that cannot be spoken about.

2. warfare

Declension

Declension of noun حَرْب (ḥarb)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَرْب ḥarb	الْحَرْب al-ḥarb	حَرْب ḥarb
nominative	حَرْبٌ ḥarbun	الْحَرْبُ al-ḥarbu	حَرْبُ ḥarbu
accusative	حَرْبًا ḥarban	الْحَرْبَ al-ḥarba	حَرْبَ ḥarba
genitive	حَرْبٍ ḥarbin	الْحَرْبِ al-ḥarbi	حَرْبِ ḥarbi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَرْبَيْن ḥarbayn	الْحَرْبَيْن al-ḥarbayn	حَرْبَيْ ḥarbay
nominative	حَرْبَانِ ḥarbāni	الْحَرْبَانِ al-ḥarbāni	حَرْبَا ḥarbā
accusative	حَرْبَيْنِ ḥarbayni	الْحَرْبَيْنِ al-ḥarbayni	حَرْبَيْ ḥarbay
genitive	حَرْبَيْنِ ḥarbayni	الْحَرْبَيْنِ al-ḥarbayni	حَرْبَيْ ḥarbay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حُرُوب ḥurūb	الْحُرُوب al-ḥurūb	حُرُوب ḥurūb
nominative	حُرُوبٌ ḥurūbun	الْحُرُوبُ al-ḥurūbu	حُرُوبُ ḥurūbu
accusative	حُرُوبًا ḥurūban	الْحُرُوبَ al-ḥurūba	حُرُوبَ ḥurūba
genitive	حُرُوبٍ ḥurūbin	الْحُرُوبِ al-ḥurūbi	حُرُوبِ ḥurūbi

Derived terms

• حَرْبِيّ (ḥarbiyy)

Descendants

• Egyptian Arabic: حرب (ḥarb)
• Gulf Arabic: حرب (ḥarb)
• Hijazi Arabic: حرب (ḥarb)
• Maltese: ħarb
• → Armenian: հարբ (harb), ⇒ հարբ ու զարբ (harb u zarb, “threat”)
• → Azerbaijani: hərb
• → Harari: ሓርቢ (ḥarbi)
• → Ottoman Turkish: حرب (harb)
  • Turkish: harp
  • Crimean Tatar: harb
• → Persian: حرب (harb)
• → Sebat Bet Gurage: ሓርቭ (arəḇ)
• → Swahili: harubu
• → Tigre: ሓርብ (ḥarəb)

Etymology 3

Noun

حَرَب • (ḥarab) m

1. verbal noun of حَرِبَ (ḥariba) (form I)
2. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) rage

Declension

Declension of noun حَرَب (ḥarab)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَرَب ḥarab	الْحَرَب al-ḥarab	حَرَب ḥarab
nominative	حَرَبٌ ḥarabun	الْحَرَبُ al-ḥarabu	حَرَبُ ḥarabu
accusative	حَرَبًا ḥaraban	الْحَرَبَ al-ḥaraba	حَرَبَ ḥaraba
genitive	حَرَبٍ ḥarabin	الْحَرَبِ al-ḥarabi	حَرَبِ ḥarabi

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħarb/, [ħɑrb]

Noun

حرب • (ḥarb) f (plural حروب (ḥurūb))

1. war

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb).

Noun

حرب • (ḥarb) f (plural حروب (ḥurūb))

1. war

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb).

Noun

حرب • (ḥarb) f (plural حروب (ḥurūb))

1. war

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb).

Noun

حرب • (harb)

1. war
   • 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk‎^[1], page 5:

     ملت و مملكتی حرب عمومی‌یه سوق ایدنلر ، كندی حیاتلری اندیشه‌سنه دوشه‌رك ، مملكتدن فرار ایتمشلر.

     Millet ve memleketi harb-i umumiye sevk edenler, kendi hayatları endişesine düşerek, memleketten firar etmişler.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. battle

Descendants

• Turkish: harp
• Crimean Tatar: harb

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “حرب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 501
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “حرب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 775

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈharb/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häɾb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häɾb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [häɾb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [häɾb̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæɹb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [häɾb]

• Rhymes: -arb

Readings
Classical reading?	harb
Dari reading?	harb
Iranian reading?	harb
Tajik reading?	harb

Noun

حرب • (harb)

1. war, warfare

   Synonym: جنگ (jang)

2. fight, battle, combat

   Synonym: نبرد (nabard)

Related terms

• حربی (harbi)
• حربه (harbe)

See also

• جنگ (jang)