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جان

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ـجان, خان, حان, and چان

Arabic

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Etymology 1

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    Derived from the active participle of جَنَى (janā, “to gather, to harvest; to commit a crime”).

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    جَانٍ • (jānin) (informal جَانِي (jānī), feminine جَانِيَة (jāniya), masculine plural جُنَاة (junāh) or جَانُون (jānūn), feminine plural جَانِيَات (jāniyāt))

    1. guilty, delinquent, criminal, flagrant, vicious, evil
    Declension
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    Declension of adjective جَانٍ (jānin)
    singular masculine feminine
    singular triptote in ـٍ (-in) singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    informal جَانِي
    jānī
    الْجَانِي
    al-jānī
    جَانِيَة
    jāniya
    الْجَانِيَة
    al-jāniya
    nominative جَانٍ
    jānin
    الْجَانِي
    al-jānī
    جَانِيَةٌ
    jāniyatun
    الْجَانِيَةُ
    al-jāniyatu
    accusative جَانِيًا
    jāniyan
    الْجَانِيَ
    al-jāniya
    جَانِيَةً
    jāniyatan
    الْجَانِيَةَ
    al-jāniyata
    genitive جَانٍ
    jānin
    الْجَانِي
    al-jānī
    جَانِيَةٍ
    jāniyatin
    الْجَانِيَةِ
    al-jāniyati
    dual masculine feminine
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    informal جَانِيَيْن
    jāniyayn
    الْجَانِيَيْن
    al-jāniyayn
    جَانِيَتَيْن
    jāniyatayn
    الْجَانِيَتَيْن
    al-jāniyatayn
    nominative جَانِيَانِ
    jāniyāni
    الْجَانِيَانِ
    al-jāniyāni
    جَانِيَتَانِ
    jāniyatāni
    الْجَانِيَتَانِ
    al-jāniyatāni
    accusative جَانِيَيْنِ
    jāniyayni
    الْجَانِيَيْنِ
    al-jāniyayni
    جَانِيَتَيْنِ
    jāniyatayni
    الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ
    al-jāniyatayni
    genitive جَانِيَيْنِ
    jāniyayni
    الْجَانِيَيْنِ
    al-jāniyayni
    جَانِيَتَيْنِ
    jāniyatayni
    الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ
    al-jāniyatayni
    plural masculine feminine
    broken plural triptote in ـَاة (-āh);
    sound masculine plural
    sound feminine plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    informal جُنَاة; جَانِين
    junāt; jānīn
    الْجُنَاة; الْجَانِين
    al-junāt; al-jānīn
    جَانِيَات
    jāniyāt
    الْجَانِيَات
    al-jāniyāt
    nominative جُنَاةٌ; جَانُونَ
    junātun; jānūna
    الْجُنَاةُ; الْجَانُونَ
    al-junātu; al-jānūna
    جَانِيَاتٌ
    jāniyātun
    الْجَانِيَاتُ
    al-jāniyātu
    accusative جُنَاةً; جَانِينَ
    junātan; jānīna
    الْجُنَاةَ; الْجَانِينَ
    al-junāta; al-jānīna
    جَانِيَاتٍ
    jāniyātin
    الْجَانِيَاتِ
    al-jāniyāti
    genitive جُنَاةٍ; جَانِينَ
    junātin; jānīna
    الْجُنَاةِ; الْجَانِينَ
    al-junāti; al-jānīna
    جَانِيَاتٍ
    jāniyātin
    الْجَانِيَاتِ
    al-jāniyāti

    Noun

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    جَانٍ • (jānin) m (construct state جَانِي (jānī), plural جَانُون (jānūn) or جُنَاة (junāh), feminine جَانِيَة (jāniya))

    1. gatherer, harvester, harvestman, reaper
    2. perpetrator, offender, delinquent, criminal, culprit, felon, evildoer
    Declension
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    Declension of noun جَانٍ (jānin)
    singular masculine feminine
    singular triptote in ـٍ (-in) singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
    indefinite definite construct indefinite definite construct
    informal جَانِي
    jānī
    الْجَانِي
    al-jānī
    جَانِي
    jānī
    جَانِيَة
    jāniya
    الْجَانِيَة
    al-jāniya
    جَانِيَة
    jāniyat
    nominative جَانٍ
    jānin
    الْجَانِي
    al-jānī
    جَانِي
    jānī
    جَانِيَةٌ
    jāniyatun
    الْجَانِيَةُ
    al-jāniyatu
    جَانِيَةُ
    jāniyatu
    accusative جَانِيًا
    jāniyan
    الْجَانِيَ
    al-jāniya
    جَانِيَ
    jāniya
    جَانِيَةً
    jāniyatan
    الْجَانِيَةَ
    al-jāniyata
    جَانِيَةَ
    jāniyata
    genitive جَانٍ
    jānin
    الْجَانِي
    al-jānī
    جَانِي
    jānī
    جَانِيَةٍ
    jāniyatin
    الْجَانِيَةِ
    al-jāniyati
    جَانِيَةِ
    jāniyati
    dual masculine feminine
    indefinite definite construct indefinite definite construct
    informal جَانِيَيْن
    jāniyayn
    الْجَانِيَيْن
    al-jāniyayn
    جَانِيَيْ
    jāniyay
    جَانِيَتَيْن
    jāniyatayn
    الْجَانِيَتَيْن
    al-jāniyatayn
    جَانِيَتَيْ
    jāniyatay
    nominative جَانِيَانِ
    jāniyāni
    الْجَانِيَانِ
    al-jāniyāni
    جَانِيَا
    jāniyā
    جَانِيَتَانِ
    jāniyatāni
    الْجَانِيَتَانِ
    al-jāniyatāni
    جَانِيَتَا
    jāniyatā
    accusative جَانِيَيْنِ
    jāniyayni
    الْجَانِيَيْنِ
    al-jāniyayni
    جَانِيَيْ
    jāniyay
    جَانِيَتَيْنِ
    jāniyatayni
    الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ
    al-jāniyatayni
    جَانِيَتَيْ
    jāniyatay
    genitive جَانِيَيْنِ
    jāniyayni
    الْجَانِيَيْنِ
    al-jāniyayni
    جَانِيَيْ
    jāniyay
    جَانِيَتَيْنِ
    jāniyatayni
    الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ
    al-jāniyatayni
    جَانِيَتَيْ
    jāniyatay
    plural masculine feminine
    sound masculine plural;
    broken plural triptote in ـَاة (-āh)
    sound feminine plural
    indefinite definite construct indefinite definite construct
    informal جَانِين; جُنَاة
    jānīn; junāt
    الْجَانِين; الْجُنَاة
    al-jānīn; al-junāt
    جَانِي; جُنَاة
    jānī; junāt
    جَانِيَات
    jāniyāt
    الْجَانِيَات
    al-jāniyāt
    جَانِيَات
    jāniyāt
    nominative جَانُونَ; جُنَاةٌ
    jānūna; junātun
    الْجَانُونَ; الْجُنَاةُ
    al-jānūna; al-junātu
    جَانُو; جُنَاةُ
    jānū; junātu
    جَانِيَاتٌ
    jāniyātun
    الْجَانِيَاتُ
    al-jāniyātu
    جَانِيَاتُ
    jāniyātu
    accusative جَانِينَ; جُنَاةً
    jānīna; junātan
    الْجَانِينَ; الْجُنَاةَ
    al-jānīna; al-junāta
    جَانِي; جُنَاةَ
    jānī; junāta
    جَانِيَاتٍ
    jāniyātin
    الْجَانِيَاتِ
    al-jāniyāti
    جَانِيَاتِ
    jāniyāti
    genitive جَانِينَ; جُنَاةٍ
    jānīna; junātin
    الْجَانِينَ; الْجُنَاةِ
    al-jānīna; al-junāti
    جَانِي; جُنَاةِ
    jānī; junāti
    جَانِيَاتٍ
    jāniyātin
    الْجَانِيَاتِ
    al-jāniyāti
    جَانِيَاتِ
    jāniyāti
    Descendants
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    • → Persian: جانی (jâni)

    Etymology 2

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    Has the form derived from the active participle, as if from جَنَّ (janna, “to hide”) (in the passive جُنَّ (junna, “to go crazy”)).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    جَانّ • (jānn) m or f (plural جَوَانّ (jawānn) or جِنَّان (jinnān))

    1. snake, serpent
    2. (defined, proper noun, Islam) Jānn, the forefather of the race of jinn
      • 1445-1505, Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī, Al-Dur al-Manthur, page Surah 2:30:
        وقد كان فيها قبل أن يخلق بألفي عام الجن بنو الجان، ففسدوا في الأرض.
        Two thousand years before [Adam] He [God] created the jinn, the sons of Jann, on earth, and they spread corruption and shed blood therein.
    3. (rare or Classical) a jinn; a genie, a jann.
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 55:74:
        لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنْسٌ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَانٌّ
        lam yaṭmiṯhunna ʔinsun qablahum walā jānnun
        touched them has not mankind before them nor a jinn.
    4. a serpentine or draconic class of the jinn
    5. (in the plural) any supernatural being in general, especially elves and fairies.
    Declension
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    Declension of noun جَانّ (jānn)
    singular basic singular triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal جَانّ
    jānn
    الْجَانّ
    al-jānn
    جَانّ
    jānn
    nominative جَانٌّ
    jānnun
    الْجَانُّ
    al-jānnu
    جَانُّ
    jānnu
    accusative جَانًّا
    jānnan
    الْجَانَّ
    al-jānna
    جَانَّ
    jānna
    genitive جَانٍّ
    jānnin
    الْجَانِّ
    al-jānni
    جَانِّ
    jānni
    dual indefinite definite construct
    informal جَانَّيْن
    jānnayn
    الْجَانَّيْن
    al-jānnayn
    جَانَّيْ
    jānnay
    nominative جَانَّانِ
    jānnāni
    الْجَانَّانِ
    al-jānnāni
    جَانَّا
    jānnā
    accusative جَانَّيْنِ
    jānnayni
    الْجَانَّيْنِ
    al-jānnayni
    جَانَّيْ
    jānnay
    genitive جَانَّيْنِ
    jānnayni
    الْجَانَّيْنِ
    al-jānnayni
    جَانَّيْ
    jānnay
    plural basic broken plural diptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal جَوَانّ
    jawānn
    الْجَوَانّ
    al-jawānn
    جَوَانّ
    jawānn
    nominative جَوَانُّ
    jawānnu
    الْجَوَانُّ
    al-jawānnu
    جَوَانُّ
    jawānnu
    accusative جَوَانَّ
    jawānna
    الْجَوَانَّ
    al-jawānna
    جَوَانَّ
    jawānna
    genitive جَوَانَّ
    jawānna
    الْجَوَانِّ
    al-jawānni
    جَوَانِّ
    jawānni
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    Azerbaijani

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    Noun

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    جان (can) (definite accusative جانێ (canı), plural جانلار (canlar))

    1. Arabic spelling of can (“life, soul”)

    Declension

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    Declension of جان
    singular plural
    nominative جان جانلار
    definite accusative جانێ جانلارێ
    dative جانا جانلارا
    locative جاندا جانلاردا
    ablative جاندان جانلاردان
    definite genitive جانێن جانلارێن

    Old Anatolian Turkish

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    Etymology

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      Borrowed from Classical Persian جَان (jān).[1]

      Noun

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      جَانْ • (cān)

      1. soul, spirit
        • 14th Century, anonymous author, Dresden manuscript: Kitāb-ı Dedem Ḳorḳud Alā Lisān-ı Tāife-i Oġuzān:
          اولن آدم دیرلمز, چیخان جان كرو كلمز
          ölän ādäm dirilmäz, çıḫan cān gerü gälmäz
          [a] dead person does not arise back, [a] departed soul does not come back
      2. life

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      References

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      1. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “can”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

      Further reading

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      • “can”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977, page 126

      Ottoman Turkish

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      Etymology

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        Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish جان (cān), borrowed from Classical Persian جَان (jān).[1]

        Noun

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        جان • (can)

        1. soul
        2. being
        3. life
        4. heart
        5. darling

        Descendants

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        • Turkish: can
        • → Albanian: xhan
        • → Macedonian: џан (džan)
        • → Serbo-Croatian:
          Cyrillic script: џан
          Latin script: džan

        Suffix

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        جان • (can)

        1. Suffix expressing intimacy, roughly equivalent to dear or darling, attached to a name or title

        References

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        1. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “can”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

        Persian

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        Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia fa

        Alternative forms

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        • جون (jun) (colloquial Iranian)

        Etymology

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          From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (yʾn'), 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫗 (gyʾn /⁠gyān⁠/, “soul, ghost”), from Proto-Iranian *wyaHnáH (equivalent to *wi- + *HanH- (“to breathe”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiyaHnás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”), whence, for example, Latin animus.[1]

          Cognate with Northern Kurdish giyan, Central Kurdish گیان (giyan), Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (viiānaiiā), Sanskrit व्यान (vyāná).

          Pronunciation

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          Readings
          Classical reading? jān
          Dari reading? jān
          Iranian reading? jân
          Tajik reading? jon

          Noun

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          جان • (jān / jân) (plural جان‌ها (jān-hā / jân-hâ), Tajik spelling ҷон)

          Dari جان
          Iranian Persian
          Tajik ҷон
          1. soul; life; life-force
            جان خود را از دست دادن ― jân-e xod râ az dast dâdan ― to lose one's life, to pass away
            • c. 1580, Vahshī Bāfqī, “گلهٔ یار دل‌آزار”, in گزیده اشعار [Selected Poems]‎[2], archived from the original on 5 October 2026:
              جان من سنگدلی ، دل به تو دادن غلط است
              بر سر راه تو چون خاک فتادن غلط است
              چشم امید به روی تو گشادن غلط است
              روی پر گرد به راه تو نهادن غلط است
              رفتن اولاست ز کوی تو ، ستادن غلط است
              جان شیرین به تمنای تو دادن غلط است
              jān-i man-i sangdilī, dil ba tu dādan ġalat ast
              bar sar-i rāh-i tu čūn xāk fitādan ġalat ast
              čašm-i umēd ba rōy-i tu gušādan ġalat ast
              rōy-i pur gird ba rāh-i to nihādan ġalat ast
              raftan awwalā-st zi kōy-i tu, sitādan ġalat ast
              jān-i šīrīn ba tamannā-yi tu dādan ġalat ast
              My stone-hearted love, it's a mistake to give my heart to you;
              It's a mistake to fall down like dust at the head of your path;
              It's a mistake to open my hopeful eyes to your face;
              It's a mistake to lay my dusty face on your path;
              First of all, I leave your street, it's a mistake to stand here;
              It's a mistake to give up my sweet life to desiring you.
              (Classical Persian transliteration)
          2. energy; strength
            پاهایم جان ندارند.
            pâ-hâ-yam jân na-dârand.
            My legs are tired.
            (literally, “My legs have no life.”)
          3. main point; essence
            جان کلام ― jân-e kalâm ― heart of the matter
          4. (mainly in جانم or جان من) someone very close, e.g. a beloved or close family
            جانم ― jân-am ― my love (literally, “my soul”)
            • c. 1580, Vahshī Bāfqī, “گلهٔ یار دل‌آزار”, in گزیده اشعار [Selected Poems]‎[3], archived from the original on 5 October 2026:
              جان من سنگدلی ، دل به تو دادن غلط است
              بر سر راه تو چون خاک فتادن غلط است
              چشم امید به روی تو گشادن غلط است
              روی پر گرد به راه تو نهادن غلط است
              رفتن اولاست ز کوی تو ، ستادن غلط است
              جان شیرین به تمنای تو دادن غلط است
              jān-i man-i sangdilī, dil ba tu dādan ġalat ast
              bar sar-i rāh-i tu čūn xāk fitādan ġalat ast
              čašm-i umēd ba rōy-i tu gušādan ġalat ast
              rōy-i pur gird ba rāh-i to nihādan ġalat ast
              raftan awwalā-st zi kōy-i tu, sitādan ġalat ast
              jān-i šīrīn ba tamannā-yi tu dādan ġalat ast
              My stone-hearted love, it's a mistake to give my heart to you;
              It's a mistake to fall down like dust at the head of your path;
              It's a mistake to open my hopeful eyes to your face;
              It's a mistake to lay my dusty face on your path;
              First of all, I leave your street, it's a mistake to stand here;
              It's a mistake to give up my sweet life to desiring you.
              (Classical Persian transliteration)

          Inflection

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          Basic forms of جان
          singular plural
          bare جان (jân) جان‌ها، جانا△ (jân-hấ, jânấ△)
          definitive direct object جان را، جان رو△ (jân râ, jâno△) جان‌ها را، جانا رو△ (jân-hấ râ, jânấ ro△)
          ezâfe جان (jân-e) جان‌های، جانای△ (jân-hấ-ye, jânấ-ye△)
          marked indefinite
          or relative definite
          جانی (jân-i) جان‌هایی، جانایی△ (jânấn-i, jân-hấ-i, jânấi△)

          △ Colloquial.

          Derived terms

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          • از جان و دل (az jân o del, “most willingly”, literally “from soul and heart”)
          • به جان آمدن (be jân âmadan, “to be endangered”, literally “to come to the soul”)
          • جان تسلیم کردن (jân taslim kard, “to pass away”, literally “to surrender the soul”)
          • جان دادن (jân dâdan, “to pass away; to give life; to be passionate”, literally “to give the soul”)
          • جانان (jânân, “the beloved”, literally “souls; lives”)
          • جانباز (jânbâz, “disabled war veteran”, literally “life-gamblers”)
          • جاندار (jândâr, “animal”, literally “soul-haver”)
          • جانسوز (jân-suz, “heartrending”, literally “soul-burning”)
          • جانسپار (jân-separ, “devoted”, literally “soul-entrusting”)
          • جان‌آفرین (jân-âfarin, “God”, literally “soul-creator”)

          Interjection

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          جان • (jân)

          1. what?; sorry?, come now? a request for clarification upon mishearing.
          2. An exclamation of joy or pleasure.

          Descendants

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          References

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          1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*HanH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161

          Punjabi

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          Etymology 1

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          Borrowed from Classical Persian جَان (jān).

          Pronunciation

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          Noun

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          جان • (jān) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਾਨ)

          1. life, soul
            Synonyms: زِنْدَگی (zindagī), جِیوَن (jīvan), جِنْدَڑی (jindaṛī), حَیَات, آتْما (ātmā), رُوح (rūḥ)
          2. courage, power
          3. (figuratively) love, beloved
          4. truth, basis (of a matter)
          Declension
          [edit]
          Declension of جان
          singular plural
          direct جان (jān) جاناں (jānāṉ)
          oblique جان (jān) جاناں (jānāṉ)
          vocative جانے (jāne) جانو (jāno)
          ablative جانوں (jānoṉ) —
          locative جانی (jānī) جانِیں (jānīṉ)
          instrumental جانے (jāne) جانِیں (jānīṉ)

          Etymology 2

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          Inherited from Prakrit 𑀚𑀸𑀡 (jāṇa), from Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna).

          Pronunciation

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          Noun

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          جَاݨ • (jāṇ) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਾਣ)

          1. knowledge, understanding
          Declension
          [edit]
          Declension of جان
          singular plural
          direct جَاݨ (jāṇ) جَاݨاں (jāṇāṉ)
          oblique جَاݨ (jāṇ) جَاݨاں (jāṇāṉ)
          vocative جَاݨے (jāṇe) جَاݨو (jāṇo)
          ablative جَاݨوں (jāṇoṉ) —
          locative جَاݨی (jāṇī) جَاݨِیں (jāṇīṉ)
          instrumental جَاݨے (jāṇe) جَاݨِیں (jāṇīṉ)

          Verb

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          جَاݨ • (jāṇ) (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਾਣ)

          1. inflection of جَاݨنا (jāṇnā):
            1. stem
            2. second-person singular present imperative

          Etymology 3

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          Verb

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          جَاݨ • (jāṇ) (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਾਣ)

          1. oblique infinitive of جَاݨا (jāṇā, “to go”)

          Further reading

          [edit]
          • Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “جان”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz]
          • Bashir, Kanwal (2012), “جان”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
          • “جان”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026
          • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jñāna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 291

          Sindhi

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          Etymology

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          Borrowed from Classical Persian جان (jān).

          Noun

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          جان • (jān) ?

          1. life; soul

          Torwali

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          Etymology

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          From Sanskrit जन्तु (jantú).

          Pronunciation

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          Noun

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          جان (ǰan)

          1. snake

          Further reading

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          • Torwali, Zubair (2019), “جان”, in Torwali Dictionary (Webonary) (in Torwali), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2020.

          Urdu

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          Alternative forms

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          Etymology

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            Borrowed from Classical Persian جَان (jān).

            Pronunciation

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            Noun

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            جَان • (jān) f (Hindi spelling जान)

            1. life (ie. a soul, person)
              Synonyms: زِنْدَگِی (zindagī), حَیات (hayāt), جِیوَن (jīvan)
            2. spirit, vitality

            Declension

            [edit]
            Declension of جان
            singular plural
            direct جَان (jān) جَانیں (jānẽ)
            oblique جَان (jān) جَانوں (jānõ)
            vocative جَان (jān) جَانو (jāno)

            Derived terms

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            Uyghur

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            Etymology

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            Borrowed from Persian جان (jân, “soul, vital spirit, life”).

            Noun

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            جان • (jan)

            1. soul
            2. spirit
            3. life
              جېنىم ― jénim ― my dear
            4. person
            5. dear
              جان ئانا ― jan ana ― my dear mother