امتحان

Arabic

Root
م ح ن (m ḥ n)
4 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /im.ti.ħaːn/
• Rhymes: -aːn

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

اِمْتِحَان • (imtiḥān) m (plural اِمْتِحَانَات (imtiḥānāt))

1. verbal noun of اِمْتَحَنَ (imtaḥana) (form VIII)
2. examination

   أَدَّيْتُ امْتِحَانًا صَعْبًا الْيَوْمَ وَآمُلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ النَّتِيجَةُ جَيِّدَةً.

   ʔaddaytu mtiḥānan ṣaʕbani l-yawma waʔāmulu ʔan takūna n-natījatu jayyidatan.

   I took a difficult exam today, and I hope the result will be good.

3. test

Declension

Declension of noun اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	اِمْتِحَان imtiḥān	الِامْتِحَان al-imtiḥān	اِمْتِحَان imtiḥān
nominative	اِمْتِحَانٌ imtiḥānun	الِامْتِحَانُ al-imtiḥānu	اِمْتِحَانُ imtiḥānu
accusative	اِمْتِحَانًا imtiḥānan	الِامْتِحَانَ al-imtiḥāna	اِمْتِحَانَ imtiḥāna
genitive	اِمْتِحَانٍ imtiḥānin	الِامْتِحَانِ al-imtiḥāni	اِمْتِحَانِ imtiḥāni
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	اِمْتِحَانَيْن imtiḥānayn	الِامْتِحَانَيْن al-imtiḥānayn	اِمْتِحَانَيْ imtiḥānay
nominative	اِمْتِحَانَانِ imtiḥānāni	الِامْتِحَانَانِ al-imtiḥānāni	اِمْتِحَانَا imtiḥānā
accusative	اِمْتِحَانَيْنِ imtiḥānayni	الِامْتِحَانَيْنِ al-imtiḥānayni	اِمْتِحَانَيْ imtiḥānay
genitive	اِمْتِحَانَيْنِ imtiḥānayni	الِامْتِحَانَيْنِ al-imtiḥānayni	اِمْتِحَانَيْ imtiḥānay
plural	sound feminine plural
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	اِمْتِحَانَات imtiḥānāt	الِامْتِحَانَات al-imtiḥānāt	اِمْتِحَانَات imtiḥānāt
nominative	اِمْتِحَانَاتٌ imtiḥānātun	الِامْتِحَانَاتُ al-imtiḥānātu	اِمْتِحَانَاتُ imtiḥānātu
accusative	اِمْتِحَانَاتٍ imtiḥānātin	الِامْتِحَانَاتِ al-imtiḥānāti	اِمْتِحَانَاتِ imtiḥānāti
genitive	اِمْتِحَانَاتٍ imtiḥānātin	الِامْتِحَانَاتِ al-imtiḥānāti	اِمْتِحَانَاتِ imtiḥānāti

Descendants

• → Indonesian: imtihan
• → Northern Kurdish: îmtîhan
• → Persian: اِمْتِحان (emtehân)
  • → Azerbaijani: imtahan
  • → Bashkir: имтихан (emtixan)
  • → Bengali: ইমতেহান (imtehan)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: इम्तिहान (imtihān)

    Urdu: اِمْتِحان (imtihān)

    → Palula: imtihaán

  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਇਮਤਿਹਾਨ (imtihān)

    Shahmukhi script: امتحان (imtihān)

  • → Tatar: имтихан (imtixan)
  • → Kazakh: емтихан (emtiyxan)
  • → Uzbek: imtihon
• → Swahili: mtihani
• → Ottoman Turkish: امتحان (imtihân)
  • → Turkish: imtihan
  • → Laz: იმთიჰანი (imtihani)
• → Somali: imtixaan
• → Uyghur: ئ‍ىمتىھان (‍imtihan)

Egyptian Arabic

Root
م ح ن
5 terms

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic اِمْتَحَنَ (imtaḥana)

Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān)slbor.

Egyptian Arabic امتحان

Semi-learned borrowing from Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /im.ti.ħaːn/, [emteˈħæːn]

Noun

امتحان • (imtiḥān) m (plural امتحانات (imtiḥanāt))

1. examination
2. test

Persian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic اِمْتَحَنَ (imtaḥana)

Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān)bor.

Persian امتحان

Borrowed from Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔim.ti.ˈhaːn/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪm.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪm.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪm.t̪ʰi.jɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔim.t̪ʰi.jɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔem.t̪ʰe.ɦɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔim.t̪ʰi.ɦɔ́n]

• Rhymes: -aːn

Readings
Classical reading?	imtihān
Dari reading?	imtehān
Iranian reading?	emtehân
Tajik reading?	imtihon

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	امتحان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	имтиҳон

اِمْتِحان • (imtihān / emtehân) (plural امتحانات, Tajik spelling имтиҳон)

1. examination

   امتحان رانندگی ― emtehân-e rânandegi ― driving test

2. trial, test

Derived terms

• امتحان کردن (emtehân kardan, “to test, to trial”)
• امتحان دادن (emtehân dâdan, “to take a test, to take an exam”)
• امتحان گرفتن (emtehân gereftan, “to give out a test”)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: imtahan
• → Bashkir: имтихан (emtixan)
• → Bengali: ইমতেহান (imtehan)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: इम्तिहान (imtihān)

  Urdu: اِمْتِحان (imtihān)

  → Palula: imtihaán

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਇਮਤਿਹਾਨ (imtihān)

  Shahmukhi script: امتحان (imtihān)

• → Tatar: имтихан (imtixan)
• → Kazakh: емтихан (emtiyxan)
• → Uzbek: imtihon

Sindhi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic اِمْتَحَنَ (imtaḥana)

Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān)bor.

Classical Persian اِمْتِحَان (imtihān)bor.

Sindhi اِمْتِحانُ

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِمْتِحَان (imtihān), borrowed from Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān), from اِمْتَحَنَ (imtaḥana).

Noun

اِمْتِحانُ • (imtiḥānu) m (Devanagari इम्तिहानु)

1. examination, test

Declension

Declension of اِمْتِحانُ (masc u-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	اِمْتِحانُ imtiḥānu	اِمْتِحانَ imtiḥāna
oblique	اِمْتِحانَ imtiḥāna	اِمْتِحانَنِ imtiḥānani
vocative	اِمْتِحانَ imtiḥāna	اِمْتِحانو imtiḥāno

Further reading

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910), “امتحان”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society, page 24
• Sindhi Language Authority (2026), “امتحان”, in Online Sindhi Dictionaries‎^[1]

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic اِمْتَحَنَ (imtaḥana)

Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān)bor.

Classical Persian اِمْتِحَان (imtihān)bor.

Urdu اِمْتِحَان

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِمْتِحَان (imtihān), borrowed from Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān), from اِمْتَحَنَ (imtaḥana). First attested in c. 1611 as Middle Hindi امتحان (amtḥan /⁠imtihān⁠/).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɪm.t̪ɪ.ɦɑːn/, [ɪm.t̪e.ɦɑːn]

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːn
• Hyphenation: اِم‧تِ‧حان

Noun

اِمْتِحان • (imtihān) m (formal plural اِمْتِحَانَات (imtihānāt), Hindi spelling इम्तिहान)

1. exam, test

   Synonym: پَرْچَہ (parca)

2. trial (difficult period)

Declension

Declension of امتحان

	singular	plural
direct	اِمْتِحان (imtihān)	اِمْتِحان (imtihān)
oblique	اِمْتِحان (imtihān)	اِمْتِحانوں (imtihānõ)
vocative	اِمْتِحان (imtihān)	اِمْتِحانو (imtihāno)

See also

Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root م ح ن (0 c, 2 e)

Further reading

• “امتحان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
• Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024), “امتحان”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu امتحان (imtihān), from Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān).

Noun

امتحان (imtihān)

1. exam, test
2. trial