ки

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ki"

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ki]
Rhymes: -ki

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Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Classical Persian کِه (ki)bor.

Ottoman Turkish كه (ki)bor.

Bulgarian ки

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish كه (ki), borrowed from Classical Persian کِه (ki).

Particle

ки • (ki)

(Strandzha, Serres-Nevrokop, Thracian dialect, Rup dialects, colloquial) a particle used for emphasis, insistence, or emotional coloring.
Ки ела насам да ти кажа нещо.
Ki ela nasam da ti kaža nešto.
Come over here, let me tell you something.

Ки какво правиш там толкова време?
Ki kakvo praviš tam tolkova vreme?
What are you doing there for so long?

Ки недей така, ще се ядоса.
Ki nedej taka, šte se jadosa.
Come on, don’t do that; he’ll get angry.

References

“ки”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“ки”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
“ки”, in ЛексИт [LexIt] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014

Etymology 2

Derived from ке (ke) with reduction е > и.

Particle

ки • (ki)

(Smolyan, Thracian dialect, Fakiya dialectal group) will (future tense particle)

References

Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “ки¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 351

Etymology 3

Derived from ти (ti) with reduction т > к.

Pronoun

ки • (ki) (personal)

(Smolyan, Razlog) You, thou (the second-person singular pronoun in the nominative case, used as the subject of a verb.)

References

Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “ки³”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 352

Etymology 4

Derived from хи (hi), more specifically a misspelling of it.

Pronoun

ки • (ki) f (personal, possessive)

(Solun (Solun-Voden dialect)) Short form of the third-person singular feminine pronoun in the dative case, used as the indirect object of a verb, translated as to her, for her, her, when the noun is animate, and as to it, for it, it, when the noun is inanimate.

References

Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “ки⁴”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 352

Dungan

Etymology

Cognate to Mandarin Chinese 客 (kè).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʰi²⁴/

Noun

ки • (ki) (I)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Erzya

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ki/

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Etymology 1

From Proto-Finno-Permic [Finno-Volgaic] *käje. Cognate with Lule Sami kiedja.^[1]

Noun

ки • (ki)

way, road
паксянь ки ― pakśań ki ― a dirt road
- 1910, Makar Evsevievich Evseviev, Gospoda nashego Iisusa Hrista Svjatoe Evangelie ot Matfeja, Marka, Luki i Ioanna na mordovskom jazyke‎^[2], page 173:
  Кіява мольместэст ве ломань мерьсь Тензэ: Господи! ков Тон иля мольть, мон мельгат молян.
  Kijava moľmestëst ve lomań merś Tenzë: Gospodi! kov Ton iľa molť, mon meľgat moľan.
  As they were walking along the road, a man said to him, “I will follow you wherever you go.”

Declension

Indefinite declension of ки (front-vowel stem (ки) type)
case	singular	plural
nominative (...)	ки (ki)	кить (kiť)
genitive (of ...)	кинь (kiń)	—
dative (to ...)	кинень (kineń)	—
ablative (than ...)	киде (kide)	—
inessive (in ...)	кисэ (kisë)	—
elative (out of ...)	кистэ (kistë)	—
illative (into ...)	кис (kis)	—
prolative (through ...)	кива (kiva)	—
translative (becoming ...)	кикс (kiks)	—
comparative (like ...)	кишка (kiška)	—
abessive (without ...)	кивтеме (kivteme)	—

Etymology 2

From Proto-Mordvinic *kij, inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic *koje. Cognate with Finnish koi, Kildin Sami кӯйй (kūjj), Northern Khanty хой (hoj).^[2]

Noun

ки • (ki)

moth
оронть сэвизе ки ― oronť sëvize ki ― the coat was eaten by a moth

Declension

Indefinite declension of ки (front-vowel stem (ки) type)
case	singular	plural
nominative (...)	ки (ki)	кить (kiť)
genitive (of ...)	кинь (kiń)	—
dative (to ...)	кинень (kineń)	—
ablative (than ...)	киде (kide)	—
inessive (in ...)	кисэ (kisë)	—
elative (out of ...)	кистэ (kistë)	—
illative (into ...)	кис (kis)	—
prolative (through ...)	кива (kiva)	—
translative (becoming ...)	кикс (kiks)	—
comparative (like ...)	кишка (kiška)	—
abessive (without ...)	кивтеме (kivteme)	—

References

B. A. Serebrennikov; R. N. Buzakova; M. V. Mosin (1993), “ки”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN

^ ки in Álgu-tietokanta, Kotimaisten kielten keskus
^ Keresztes, László (1986), Geschichte der mordwinischen Konsonantismus II. Etymologisches Belegmaterial‎^[1], Szeged: Studia Uralo-Altaica 26.

Ket

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Ketic *ki (“trap”), probably from earlier *kʰiˀkʰ.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /¹ki/, [kiˑ˧]

Noun

ки (kī) n (plural киʼӈ)

deadfall trap (a type of pressing trap used for hunting wolverines, hares, woodgrouses and polar foxes)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *kʰi (“this”, demonstrative pronoun).^[3]^[4]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /¹ki/, [kiˑ˧]

Pronoun

ки (kī)

this, these (generic proximal demonstrative pronoun)

Usage notes

Also found used as кирь (kīdʲ, m), кире (kíde, f or n) or кине (kíne, anim pl).

Etymology 3

Possibly derived from Proto-Yeniseian *kʰipʰʌ (“spin yarn”, infinitive verb), though this word is not listed by VWdJS or CHYD.^[5]^[6]

If the etymology is valid, in turn analyzable as derived from Ket кига (kíka, “spinning yarn, the act of spinning yarn”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /¹ki/, [kiˑ˧]

Verb

ки (kī) (action nominal)

spinning, the act of spinning; weaving, the act of weaving

References

^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=391&root=config
^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 397
^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=393&root=config
^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 397
^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=394&root=config
^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 466

Komi-Permyak

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *ki, from Proto-Uralic *käte. Cognates include Finnish käsi and Hungarian kéz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈki/, [ˈki]
Rhymes: -i
Hyphenation: ки

Noun

ки • (ki)

hand

Declension

Declension of ки (stem: ки-)
		singular	plural
nominative		ки (ki)	киэз (kiez)
accusative	I^*	ки (ki)	киэз (kiez)
accusative	II^*	киӧс (kiös)	киэзӧс (kiezös)
instrumental		киӧн (kiön)	киэзӧн (kiezön)
comitative		кикӧт (kiköt)	киэзкӧт (kiezköt)
caritive		китӧг (kitög)	киэзтӧг (kieztög)
consecutive		кила (kila)	киэзла (kiezla)
genitive		килӧн (kilön)	киэзлӧн (kiezlön)
ablative		килісь (kiliś)	киэзлісь (kiezliś)
dative		килӧ (kilö)	киэзлӧ (kiezlö)
inessive		киын (kiyn)	киэзын (kiezyn)
elative		киись (kiiś)	киэзісь (kieziś)
illative		киӧ (kiö)	киэзӧ (kiezö)
egressive		кисянь (kiśań)	киэзсянь (kiezśań)
approximative		килань (kilań)	киэзлань (kiezlań)
terminative	I	киӧдз (kiödź)	киэзӧдз (kiezödź)
terminative	II	киви (kivi)	киэзви (kiezvi)
prolative		киӧт (kiöt)	киэзӧт (kiezöt)

^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Possessive declension of ки

First person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		киӧ (kiö)	киэзӧ (kiezö)
accusative	I^*	киӧ (kiö)	киэзӧ (kiezö)
accusative	II^*	киӧс (kiös)	киэзӧс (kiezös)
instrumental		кинам (kinam)	киэзнам (kieznam)
comitative		киӧкӧт (kiököt)	киэзӧкӧт (kiezököt)
caritive		киӧтӧг (kiötög)	киэзӧтӧг (kiezötög)
consecutive		киӧла (kiöla)	киэзӧла (kiezöla)
genitive		киӧлӧн (kiölön)	киэзӧлӧн (kiezölön)
ablative		киӧлісь (kiöliś)	киэзӧлісь (kiezöliś)
dative		киӧлӧ (kiölö)	киэзӧлӧ (kiezölö)
inessive		киам (kiam)	киэзам (kiezam)
elative		кисим (kiśim)	киэзсим (kiezśim)
illative		киам (kiam)	киэзам (kiezam)
egressive		киӧсянь (kiöśań)	киэзӧсянь (kiezöśań)
approximative		киӧлань (kiölań)	киэзӧлань (kiezölań)
terminative	I	киӧддзам (kiöddźam)	киэзӧддзам (kiezöddźam)
terminative	II	киӧви (kiövi)	киэзӧви (kiezövi)
prolative		киӧттям (kiötťam)	киэзӧттям (kiezötťam)

^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		киыт (kiyt)	киэт (kiet)
accusative	I^*	киыт (kiyt)	киэт (kiet)
accusative	II^*	китӧ (kitö)	киэзтӧ (kieztö)
instrumental		кинат (kinat)	киэзнат (kieznat)
comitative		киыткӧт (kiytköt)	киэткӧт (kietköt)
caritive		киыттӧг (kiyttög)	киэттӧг (kiettög)
consecutive		киытла (kiytla)	киэтла (kietla)
genitive		киытлӧн (kiytlön)	киэтлӧн (kietlön)
ablative		киытлісь (kiytliś)	киэтлісь (kietliś)
dative		киытлӧ (kiytlö)	киэтлӧ (kietlö)
inessive		киат (kiat)	киэзат (kiezat)
elative		кисит (kiśit)	киэзсит (kiezśit)
illative		киат (kiat)	киэзат (kiezat)
egressive		киытсянь (kiytśań)	киэтсянь (kietśań)
approximative		киытлань (kiytlań)	киэтлань (kietlań)
terminative	I	киӧддзат (kiöddźat)	киэзӧддзат (kiezöddźat)
terminative	II	киытви (kiytvi)	киэтви (kietvi)
prolative		киӧттят (kiötťat)	киэзӧттят (kiezötťat)

^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		киыс (kiys)	киэс (kies)
accusative	I^*	киыс (kiys)	киэс (kies)
accusative	II^*	кисӧ (kisö)	киэсӧ (kiesö)
instrumental		кинас (kinas)	киэзнас (kieznas)
comitative		киыскӧт (kiysköt)	киэскӧт (kiesköt)
caritive		киыстӧг (kiystög)	киэстӧг (kiestög)
consecutive		киысла (kiysla)	киэсла (kiesla)
genitive		киыслӧн (kiyslön)	киэслӧн (kieslön)
ablative		киыслісь (kiysliś)	киэслісь (kiesliś)
dative		киыслӧ (kiyslö)	киэслӧ (kieslö)
inessive		киас (kias)	киэзас (kiezas)
elative		кисис (kiśis)	киэзсис (kiezśis)
illative		киас (kias)	киэзас (kiezas)
egressive		киыссянь (kiysśań)	киэссянь (kiesśań)
approximative		киыслань (kiyslań)	киэслань (kieslań)
terminative	I	киӧддзас (kiöddźas)	киэзӧддзас (kiezöddźas)
terminative	II	киысви (kiysvi)	киэсви (kiesvi)
prolative		киӧттяс (kiötťas)	киэзӧттяс (kiezötťas)

^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

First person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		киным (kinym)	киэзным (kieznym)
accusative	I^*	киным (kinym)	киэзным (kieznym)
accusative	II^*	кинымӧ (kinymö)	киэзнымӧ (kieznymö)
instrumental		кинаным (kinanym)	киэзнаным (kieznanym)
comitative		кинымкӧт (kinymköt)	киэзнымкӧт (kieznymköt)
caritive		кинымтӧг (kinymtög)	киэзнымтӧг (kieznymtög)
consecutive		кинымла (kinymla)	киэзнымла (kieznymla)
genitive		кинымлӧн (kinymlön)	киэзнымлӧн (kieznymlön)
ablative		кинымлісь (kinymliś)	киэзнымлісь (kieznymliś)
dative		кинымлӧ (kinymlö)	киэзнымлӧ (kieznymlö)
inessive		кианым (kianym)	киэзаным (kiezanym)
elative		кисиным (kiśinym)	киэзсиным (kiezśinym)
illative		кианым (kianym)	киэзаным (kiezanym)
egressive		кинымсянь (kinymśań)	киэзнымсянь (kieznymśań)
approximative		кинымлань (kinymlań)	киэзнымлань (kieznymlań)
terminative	I	киӧддзаным (kiöddźanym)	киэзӧддзаным (kiezöddźanym)
terminative	II	кинымви (kinymvi)	киэзнымви (kieznymvi)
prolative		киӧттяным (kiötťanym)	киэзӧттяным (kiezötťanym)

^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		киныт (kinyt)	киэзныт (kieznyt)
accusative	I^*	киныт (kinyt)	киэзныт (kieznyt)
accusative	II^*	кинытӧ (kinytö)	киэзнытӧ (kieznytö)
instrumental		кинаныт (kinanyt)	киэзнаныт (kieznanyt)
comitative		киныткӧт (kinytköt)	киэзныткӧт (kieznytköt)
caritive		киныттӧг (kinyttög)	киэзныттӧг (kieznyttög)
consecutive		кинытла (kinytla)	киэзнытла (kieznytla)
genitive		кинытлӧн (kinytlön)	киэзнытлӧн (kieznytlön)
ablative		кинытлісь (kinytliś)	киэзнытлісь (kieznytliś)
dative		кинытлӧ (kinytlö)	киэзнытлӧ (kieznytlö)
inessive		кианыт (kianyt)	киэзаныт (kiezanyt)
elative		кисиныт (kiśinyt)	киэзсиныт (kiezśinyt)
illative		кианыт (kianyt)	киэзаныт (kiezanyt)
egressive		кинытсянь (kinytśań)	киэзнытсянь (kieznytśań)
approximative		кинытлань (kinytlań)	киэзнытлань (kieznytlań)
terminative	I	киӧддзаныт (kiöddźanyt)	киэзӧддзаныт (kiezöddźanyt)
terminative	II	кинытви (kinytvi)	киэзнытви (kieznytvi)
prolative		киӧттяныт (kiötťanyt)	киэзӧттяныт (kiezötťanyt)

^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		киныс (kinys)	киэзныс (kieznys)
accusative	I^*	киныс (kinys)	киэзныс (kieznys)
accusative	II^*	кинысӧ (kinysö)	киэзнысӧ (kieznysö)
instrumental		кинаныс (kinanys)	киэзнаныс (kieznanys)
comitative		киныскӧт (kinysköt)	киэзныскӧт (kieznysköt)
caritive		киныстӧг (kinystög)	киэзныстӧг (kieznystög)
consecutive		кинысла (kinysla)	киэзнысла (kieznysla)
genitive		киныслӧн (kinyslön)	киэзныслӧн (kieznyslön)
ablative		киныслісь (kinysliś)	киэзныслісь (kieznysliś)
dative		киныслӧ (kinyslö)	киэзныслӧ (kieznyslö)
inessive		кианыс (kianys)	киэзаныс (kiezanys)
elative		кисиныс (kiśinys)	киэзсиныс (kiezśinys)
illative		кианыс (kianys)	киэзаныс (kiezanys)
egressive		киныссянь (kinysśań)	киэзныссянь (kieznysśań)
approximative		киныслань (kinyslań)	киэзныслань (kieznyslań)
terminative	I	киӧддзаныс (kiöddźanys)	киэзӧддзаныс (kiezöddźanys)
terminative	II	кинысви (kinysvi)	киэзнысви (kieznysvi)
prolative		киӧттяныс (kiötťanys)	киэзӧттяныс (kiezötťanys)

^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

References

R. M. Batalova; A. S. Krivoshchekova-Gantman (1985), “ки”, in Коми-пермяцко-русский словарь [Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык»

Komi-Zyrian

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *ki, from Proto-Uralic *käte. Cognates include Finnish käsi and Hungarian kéz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈki/, [ˈki]
Rhymes: -i
Hyphenation: ки

Noun

ки • (ki)

arm, hand

Declension

Declension of ки (stem: ки-)
		singular	plural
nominative		ки (ki)	кияс (kijas)
accusative	I ¹	ки (ki)	кияс (kijas)
accusative	II ¹	киӧс (kiös)	киясӧс (kijasös)
instrumental		киӧн (kiön)	киясӧн (kijasön)
comitative		кикӧд (kiköd)	кияскӧд (kijasköd)
caritive		китӧг (kitög)	киястӧг (kijastög)
consecutive		кила (kila)	киясла (kijasla)
genitive		килӧн (kilön)	кияслӧн (kijaslön)
ablative		килысь (kilyś)	кияслысь (kijaslyś)
dative		килы (kily)	кияслы (kijasly)
inessive		киын (kiyn)	киясын (kijasyn)
elative		киысь (kiyś)	киясысь (kijasyś)
illative		киӧ (kiö)	киясӧ (kijasö)
egressive		кисянь (kiśań)	кияссянь (kijasśań)
approximative		килань (kilań)	кияслань (kijaslań)
terminative		киӧдз (kiödź)	киясӧдз (kijasödź)
prolative	I	киӧд (kiöd)	киясӧд (kijasöd)
prolative	II	киті (kiti)	киясті (kijasti)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Possessive declension of ки

First person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		киӧй (kiöj)	киясӧй (kijasöj)
accusative	I ¹	киӧй (kiöj)	киясӧй (kijasöj)
accusative	II ¹	киӧс (kiös)	киясӧс (kijasös)
instrumental		кинам (kinam)	кияснам (kijasnam)
comitative		киӧйкӧд (kiöjköd)	киясӧйкӧд (kijasöjköd)
caritive		китӧгым (kitögym)	киястӧгым (kijastögym)
consecutive		киӧйла (kiöjla)	киясӧйла (kijasöjla)
genitive		киӧйлӧн (kiöjlön)	киясӧйлӧн (kijasöjlön)
ablative		киӧйлысь (kiöjlyś)	киясӧйлысь (kijasöjlyś)
dative		киӧйлы (kiöjly)	киясӧйлы (kijasöjly)
inessive		киам (kiam)	киясам (kijasam)
elative		кисьым (kiśym)	кияссьым (kijasśym)
illative		киам (kiam)	киясам (kijasam)
egressive		кисяньым (kiśańym)	кияссяньым (kijasśańym)
approximative		киланьым (kilańym)	киясланьым (kijaslańym)
terminative		киӧдзым (kiödźym)	киясӧдзым (kijasödźym)
prolative	I	киӧдым (kiödym)	киясӧдым (kijasödym)
prolative	II	китіым (kitiym)	киястіым (kijastiym)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		киыд (kiyd)	киясыд (kijasyd)
accusative	I ¹	киыд (kiyd)	киясыд (kijasyd)
accusative	II ¹	китӧ (kitö)	киястӧ (kijastö)
instrumental		кинад (kinad)	кияснад (kijasnad)
comitative		киыдкӧд (kiydköd)	киясыдкӧд (kijasydköd)
caritive		китӧгыд (kitögyd)	киястӧгыд (kijastögyd)
consecutive		киыдла (kiydla)	киясыдла (kijasydla)
genitive		киыдлӧн (kiydlön)	киясыдлӧн (kijasydlön)
ablative		киыдлысь (kiydlyś)	киясыдлысь (kijasydlyś)
dative		киыдлы (kiydly)	киясыдлы (kijasydly)
inessive		киад (kiad)	киясад (kijasad)
elative		кисьыд (kiśyd)	кияссьыд (kijasśyd)
illative		киад (kiad)	киясад (kijasad)
egressive		кисяньыд (kiśańyd)	кияссяньыд (kijasśańyd)
approximative		киланьыд (kilańyd)	киясланьыд (kijaslańyd)
terminative		киӧдзыд (kiödźyd)	киясӧдзыд (kijasödźyd)
prolative	I	киӧдыд (kiödyd)	киясӧдыд (kijasödyd)
prolative	II	китіыд (kitiyd)	киястіыд (kijastiyd)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		киыс (kiys)	киясыс (kijasys)
accusative	I ¹	киыс (kiys)	киясыс (kijasys)
accusative	II ¹	кисӧ (kisö)	кияссӧ (kijassö)
instrumental		кинас (kinas)	кияснас (kijasnas)
comitative		киыскӧд (kiysköd)	киясыскӧд (kijasysköd)
caritive		китӧгыс (kitögys)	киястӧгыс (kijastögys)
consecutive		киысла (kiysla)	киясысла (kijasysla)
genitive		киыслӧн (kiyslön)	киясыслӧн (kijasyslön)
ablative		киыслысь (kiyslyś)	киясыслысь (kijasyslyś)
dative		киыслы (kiysly)	киясыслы (kijasysly)
inessive		киас (kias)	киясас (kijasas)
elative		кисьыс (kiśys)	кияссьыс (kijasśys)
illative		киас (kias)	киясас (kijasas)
egressive		кисяньыс (kiśańys)	кияссяньыс (kijasśańys)
approximative		киланьыс (kilańys)	киясланьыс (kijaslańys)
terminative		киӧдзыс (kiödźys)	киясӧдзыс (kijasödźys)
prolative	I	киӧдыс (kiödys)	киясӧдыс (kijasödys)
prolative	II	китіыс (kitiys)	киястіыс (kijastiys)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

First person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		киным (kinym)	киясным (kijasnym)
accusative	I ¹	киным (kinym)	киясным (kijasnym)
accusative	II ¹	кинымӧ (kinymö)	кияснымӧ (kijasnymö)
instrumental		кинаным (kinanym)	кияснаным (kijasnanym)
comitative		кинымкӧд (kinymköd)	кияснымкӧд (kijasnymköd)
caritive		китӧгным (kitögnym)	киястӧгным (kijastögnym)
consecutive		кинымла (kinymla)	кияснымла (kijasnymla)
genitive		кинымлӧн (kinymlön)	кияснымлӧн (kijasnymlön)
ablative		кинымлысь (kinymlyś)	кияснымлысь (kijasnymlyś)
dative		кинымлы (kinymly)	кияснымлы (kijasnymly)
inessive		кианым (kianym)	киясаным (kijasanym)
elative		кисьыным (kiśynym)	кияссьыным (kijasśynym)
illative		кианым (kianym)	киясаным (kijasanym)
egressive		кисяньным (kiśańnym)	кияссяньным (kijasśańnym)
approximative		киланьным (kilańnym)	киясланьным (kijaslańnym)
terminative		киӧдзным (kiödźnym)	киясӧдзным (kijasödźnym)
prolative	I	киӧдным (kiödnym)	киясӧдным (kijasödnym)
prolative	II	китіным (kitinym)	киястіным (kijastinym)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		киныд (kinyd)	киясныд (kijasnyd)
accusative	I ¹	киныд (kinyd)	киясныд (kijasnyd)
accusative	II ¹	кинытӧ (kinytö)	кияснытӧ (kijasnytö)
instrumental		кинаныд (kinanyd)	кияснаныд (kijasnanyd)
comitative		киныдкӧд (kinydköd)	киясныдкӧд (kijasnydköd)
caritive		китӧгныд (kitögnyd)	киястӧгныд (kijastögnyd)
consecutive		киныдла (kinydla)	киясныдла (kijasnydla)
genitive		киныдлӧн (kinydlön)	киясныдлӧн (kijasnydlön)
ablative		киныдлысь (kinydlyś)	киясныдлысь (kijasnydlyś)
dative		киныдлы (kinydly)	киясныдлы (kijasnydly)
inessive		кианыд (kianyd)	киясаныд (kijasanyd)
elative		кисьыныд (kiśynyd)	кияссьыныд (kijasśynyd)
illative		кианыд (kianyd)	киясаныд (kijasanyd)
egressive		кисяньныд (kiśańnyd)	кияссяньныд (kijasśańnyd)
approximative		киланьныд (kilańnyd)	киясланьныд (kijaslańnyd)
terminative		киӧдзныд (kiödźnyd)	киясӧдзныд (kijasödźnyd)
prolative	I	киӧдныд (kiödnyd)	киясӧдныд (kijasödnyd)
prolative	II	китіныд (kitinyd)	киястіныд (kijastinyd)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		киныс (kinys)	киясныс (kijasnys)
accusative	I ¹	киныс (kinys)	киясныс (kijasnys)
accusative	II ¹	кинысӧ (kinysö)	кияснысӧ (kijasnysö)
instrumental		кинаныс (kinanys)	кияснаныс (kijasnanys)
comitative		кинымкӧс (kinymkös)	кияснымкӧс (kijasnymkös)
caritive		китӧгныс (kitögnys)	киястӧгныс (kijastögnys)
consecutive		кинысла (kinysla)	кияснысла (kijasnysla)
genitive		киныслӧн (kinyslön)	киясныслӧн (kijasnyslön)
ablative		киныслысь (kinyslyś)	киясныслысь (kijasnyslyś)
dative		киныслы (kinysly)	киясныслы (kijasnysly)
inessive		кианыс (kianys)	киясаныс (kijasanys)
elative		кисьыныс (kiśynys)	кияссьыныс (kijasśynys)
illative		кианыс (kianys)	киясаныс (kijasanys)
egressive		кисяньныс (kiśańnys)	кияссяньныс (kijasśańnys)
approximative		киланьныс (kilańnys)	киясланьныс (kijaslańnys)
terminative		киӧдзныс (kiödźnys)	киясӧдзныс (kijasödźnys)
prolative	I	киӧдныс (kiödnys)	киясӧдныс (kijasödnys)
prolative	II	китіныс (kitinys)	киястіныс (kijastinys)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Coordinate terms

кок (kok, “leg, foot”)

References

A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 92
N. D. Manova (1994), Учимся говорить по-коми [Learning to speak Komi] (in Russian), Syktyvkar, →ISBN, page 6
L. M. Beznosikova; E. A. Ajbabina; R. I. Kosnyreva (2000), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 266

Mariupol Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek καί (kaí). Cognates include Greek και (kai).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [cɪ]
Hyphenation: ки

Conjunction

ки • (ki)

and

Synonyms

ти (ti)

References

T. N. Chernysheva, editor (1859), “ке, ки”, in Греческий глосарий Ф. А. Хартахая [The Greek glossary of F. A. Xartaxay], published 1959
A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006), Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN, page 99
G. A. Animica; M. P. Galikbarova (2013), Румеку глоса [The Mairupol Greek language]‎^[3] (overall work in Russian), Donetsk, page 4

Moksha

Etymology

Cognate with Erzya ки (ki). This term is to be linked with Eastern Mari кыша (kyša, “footprint”), Finnish keino (“way (of doing something)”). Veršinin thinks that the origin could be the old pronoun *ki (“this”), a correspondence k-/t- then would explain Estonian tee (“road”), Finnish tie (“id.”), Komi туй (tuj, “road; footprints; direction”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ki/

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Noun

ки • (ki)

road, way
- Fenno-Ugrica
  Кантк кить малас и мрдак, Ермил Ерофеич!
  Kantk kiť malas i mrdak, Jermil Jerofejič!
  Carry towards the road and return, Jermil Jerofeič!
track, footprints

Usage notes

See usage notes at ши (ši).

Declension

Indefinite declension of ки
	singular	plural
nominative	ки (ki)	кит (kit)
genitive	кинь (kiń)	—
dative	кинди (kindi)	—
ablative	кида (kida)	—
inessive	киса (kisa)	—
elative	киста (kista)	—
illative	кис (kis)	—
prolative	киге (kige)	—
comparative	кишка (kiška)	—
translative	кикс (kiks)	—
abessive	кифтома (kiftoma)	—
causative	кинкса (kinksa)	—

Definite declension of ки
	singular	plural
nominative	кись (kiś)	китне (kitne)
genitive	кить (kiť)	китнень (kitneń)
dative	кити (kiti)	китненди (kitnendi)

Possessive forms of ки

1st person singular possessive forms
first person singular (монь (moń))
	one possession	multiple possessions
nominative	кизе (kize)	кине (kine)
genitive	кизень (kizeń)	кинень (kineń)
dative	кизенди (kizendi)	киненди (kinendi)
ablative	кидон (kidon)
inessive	кисон (kison)
elative	кистон (kiston)
illative	кизон (kizon)
prolative	киган (kigan)
comparative	кишкан (kiškan)
abessive	кифтомон (kiftomon)

2nd person singular possessive forms
second person singular (тонь (toń))
	one possession	multiple possessions
nominative	кице (kice)	китне (kitne)
genitive	кицень (kiceń)	китнень (kitneń)
dative	киценди (kicendi)	китненди (kitnendi)
ablative	кидот (kidot)
inessive	кисот (kisot)
elative	кистот (kistot)
illative	кизот (kizot)
prolative	кигат (kigat)
comparative	кишкат (kiškat)
abessive	кифтомот (kiftomot)

3rd person singular possessive forms
third person singular (сонь (soń))
	one possession	multiple possessions
nominative	киц (kic)	кинза (kinza)
genitive	кинц (kinc)	кинзон (kinzon)
dative	кинцты (kinctï)	кинзонды (kinzondï)
ablative	кидонза (kidonza)
inessive	кисонза (kisonza)
elative	кистонза (kistonza)
illative	кизонза (kizonza)
prolative	киганза (kiganza)
comparative	кишканза (kiškanza)
abessive	кифтомонза (kiftomonza)

1st person plural possessive forms
first person plural (минь (miń))
	one or multiple possessions
nominative	киньке (kińke)
genitive	киньконь (kińkoń)
dative	киньконди (kińkondi)
ablative	кидонк (kidonk)
inessive	кисонк (kisonk)
elative	кистонк (kistonk)
illative	кизонк (kizonk)
prolative	киганк (kigank)
comparative	кишканк (kiškank)
abessive	кифтомонк (kiftomonk)

2nd person plural possessive forms
second person plural (тинь (tiń))
	one or multiple possessions
nominative	кинте (kinte)
genitive	кинтень (kinteń)
dative	кинтенди (kintendi)
ablative	кидонт (kidont)
inessive	кисонт (kisont)
elative	кистонт (kistont)
illative	кизонт (kizont)
prolative	кигант (kigant)
comparative	кишкант (kiškant)
abessive	кифтомонт (kiftomont)

3rd person plural possessive forms
third person plural (синь (siń))
	one or multiple possessions
nominative	кисна (kisna)
genitive	киснон (kisnon)
dative	киснонды (kisnondï)
ablative	кидост (kidost)
inessive	кисост (kisost)
elative	кистост (kistost)
illative	кизост (kizost)
prolative	кигаст (kigast)
comparative	кишкаст (kiškast)
abessive	кифтомост (kiftomost)

References

^ Veršinin, V. I. (2004–2005), Этимологический словарь мордовских (эрзянского и мокшанского) языков [Etymological dictionary of Mordvinic (Erzya and Moksha) languages] (in Russian), Joškar Ola, page 142

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷós

Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas

Proto-Indo-European *ís

Proto-Balto-Slavic *is

Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas-is

Proto-Slavic *kъjь

Old Slovak ký

Pannonian Rusyn ки

Inherited from Old Slovak ký (“which, what”), from Proto-Slavic *kъjь. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn кый (kŷj) and Czech and Slovak ký. Usage likely influenced by Serbo-Croatian који / koji. Regular use as a pronoun displaced by яки (jaki).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈki]
Rhymes: -i
Hyphenation: ки

Pronoun

ки (ki) m

(colloquial) only used in ки ци (ki ci) and ки то (ki to)
ки ци дябол? ― ki ci djabol? ― what the hell is wrong with you?

ки то чорт? ― ki to čort? ― what the hell is that?

кого пшамаца? ― koho pšamaca? ― what the hell?

Usage notes

ки ци (ki ci) and ки то (ki to) are followed by one of бес (bes), дябол (djabol), дюґ (djug), минки (minki), пшамац (pšamac), or чорт (čort) (or кого (koho) followed by these nouns in the genitive), all producing the same semantic meanings as the two fixed phrases.
Only used in the masculine.

Declension

Declension of ки
	singular				plural
	masculine		feminine	neuter	virile	nonvirile
nominative	ки (ki)		-	-	-
genitive	кого (koho)		-	-	-
dative	кому (komu)		-	-	-
accusative	personal/animal	inanimate	-	-	-	-
accusative	кого (koho)	ки (ki)	-	-	-	-
instrumental	ким (kim)		-	-	-
locative	ким / кому (kim / komu)		-	-	-
vocative	ки (ki)		-	-	-

References

Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “ки”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 372

Anagrams

-ик (-ik)

Tajik

Etymology

Inherited from Classical Persian کِه (ki).

Conjunction

ки • (ki) (Persian spelling که)

that; subordinates a clause to a main clause
that, which, when, where

References

“ки”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژه‌جو [Vožajü] (in Tajik), 2026

Udmurt

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *ki, from Proto-Uralic *käte. Cognates include Eastern Mari кид (kid) and Finnish käsi.

Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian ки (ki) and Komi-Permyak ки (ki).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈki]
Rhymes: -i
Hyphenation: ки

Noun

ки • (ki)

(anatomy) hand
handwriting

Declension

Declension of ки (soft declension)
	singular	plural
nominative	ки ki	киос kios
accusative	киез kijez	киосыз kiosyz
genitive	килэн kilen	киослэн kioslen
dative	килы kily	киослы kiosly
ablative	килэсь kileś	киослэсь kiosleś
instrumental	киен kijen	киосын kiosyn
abessive	китэк kitek	киостэк kiostek
adverbial	кия kija	киосъя kiosja
inessive	киын kiyn	киосын kiosyn
illative	кие kije	киосы kiosy
elative	киысь kiyś	киосысь kiosyś
egressive	киысьен kiyśjen	киосысьен kiosyśjen
terminative	киозь kioź	киосозь kiosoź
prolative	китӥ kiti	киосытӥ kiosyti
allative	килань kilań	киослань kioslań

Possessive forms of ки

1st person singular possessive forms
	singular	plural
nominative	кие kije	киосы kiosy
accusative	киме kime	киосме kiosme
genitive	киелэн kijelen	киосылэн kiosylen
dative	киелы kijely	киосылы kiosyly
ablative	киелэсь kijeleś	киосылэсь kiosyleś
instrumental	киеным kijenym	киосыным kiosynym

2nd person singular possessive forms
	singular	plural
nominative	киед kijed	киосыд kiosyd
accusative	кидэ kide	киостэ kioste
genitive	киедлэн kijedlen	киосыдлэн kiosydlen
dative	киедлы kijedly	киосыдлы kiosydly
ablative	киедлэсь kijedleś	киосыдлэсь kiosydleś
instrumental	киеныд kijenyd	киосыныд kiosynyd

3rd person singular possessive forms
	singular	plural
nominative	киез kijez	киосыз kiosyz
accusative	кизэ kize	киоссэ kiosse
genitive	киезлэн kijezlen	киосызлэн kiosyzlen
dative	киезлы kijezly	киосызлы kiosyzly
ablative	киезлэсь kijezleś	киосызлэсь kiosyzleś
instrumental	киеныз kijenyz	киосыныз kiosynyz

1st person plural possessive forms
	singular	plural
nominative	кимы kimy	киосмы kiosmy
accusative	кимэс kimes	киосмес kiosmes
genitive	кимылэн kimylen	киосмылэн kiosmylen
dative	кимылы kimyly	киосмылы kiosmyly
ablative	кимылэсь kimyleś	киосмылэсь kiosmyleś
instrumental	киенымы kijenymy	киосынымы kiosynymy

2nd person plural possessive forms
	singular	plural
nominative	киды kidy	киосты kiosty
accusative	кидэс kides	киостэс kiostes
genitive	кидылэн kidylen	киостылэн kiostylen
dative	кидылы kidyly	киостылы kiostyly
ablative	кидылэсь kidyleś	киостылэсь kiostyleś
instrumental	киеныды kijenydy	киосыныды kiosynydy

3rd person plural possessive forms
	singular	plural
nominative	кизы kizy	киоссы kiossy
accusative	кизэс kizes	киоссэс kiosses
genitive	кизылэн kizylen	киоссылэн kiossylen
dative	кизылы kizyly	киоссылы kiossyly
ablative	кизылэсь kizyleś	киоссылэсь kiossyleś
instrumental	киенызы kijenyzy	киосынызы kiosynyzy

Derived terms

nouns

кибам (kibam)
кивуко (kivuko)
кигожтос (kigožtos)
кигожтэт (kigožtet)
кимыш (kimyš)
кипоскес (kiposkes)
кипус (kipus)
кипыдэс (kipydes)
киуж (kiuž)
киул (kiul)

verbs

кивалтыны (kivaltyny)
кивоштыны (kivoštyny)

References

L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ки”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 298
T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), “ки”, in Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 33
R. S. Nasibullin; V. G. Semenov (2013), “рука”, in Системно-Тематический Русско-Удмуртский Словарь [Systematic-Thematic Russian-Udmurt Dictionary], Izhevsk: Ассоциация «Научная книга», page 56
Yrjö Wichmann; Toivo Emil Uotila (1987), Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 104

[1] ки in Álgu-tietokanta, Kotimaisten kielten keskus

[2] Keresztes, László (1986), Geschichte der mordwinischen Konsonantismus II. Etymologisches Belegmaterial‎^[1], Szeged: Studia Uralo-Altaica 26.

[3] ttps://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=391&root=config

[4] Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 397

[5] ttps://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=393&root=config

[6] Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 397

[7] ttps://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=394&root=config

[8] Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 466

[9] Veršinin, V. I. (2004–2005), Этимологический словарь мордовских (эрзянского и мокшанского) языков [Etymological dictionary of Mordvinic (Erzya and Moksha) languages] (in Russian), Joškar Ola, page 142

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[2]

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[3]

[4]

[5]

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[1]

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Particle

References

Further reading

Etymology 2

Particle

References

Etymology 3

Pronoun

References

Etymology 4

Pronoun

References

Dungan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Erzya

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

References

Ket

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Usage notes

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Verb

References

Further reading

Komi-Permyak

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Komi-Zyrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Coordinate terms

References

Mariupol Greek

Etymology

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Synonyms

References

Moksha

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Declension

References

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Usage notes

Declension

References

Anagrams

Tajik

Etymology

Conjunction

References

Udmurt