κύκλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Hellenic *kúklos, *kʷókʷlos, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”). Cognate with *𐀓𐀒𐀫 (*ku-ko-ro /⁠kuklos⁠/).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ký.klos/ → /ˈcy.klos/ → /ˈci.klos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ký.klos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈky.klos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcy.klos/
• (10^th CE Medieval) IPA^(key): /ˈcy.klos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈci.klos/

Noun

κῠ́κλος • (kŭ́klos) m (genitive κῠ́κλου); second declension

1. circle, ring
2. any circular object (examples: wheel, disc, plate)
3. crowd (of people)
4. marketplace
5. circular movement
6. sphere, globe

Declension

Second declension of ὁ κῠ́κλος; τοῦ κῠ́κλου (Attic)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ὁ κῠ́κλοςho kŭ́klos	τὼ κῠ́κλωtṑ kŭ́klō	οἱ κῠ́κλοιhoi kŭ́kloi
genitive	τοῦ κῠ́κλουtoû kŭ́klou	τοῖν κῠ́κλοινtoîn kŭ́kloin	τῶν κῠ́κλωνtôn kŭ́klōn
dative	τῷ κῠ́κλῳtōî kŭ́klōi	τοῖν κῠ́κλοινtoîn kŭ́kloin	τοῖς κῠ́κλοιςtoîs kŭ́klois
accusative	τὸν κῠ́κλονtòn kŭ́klon	τὼ κῠ́κλωtṑ kŭ́klō	τοὺς κῠ́κλουςtoùs kŭ́klous
vocative	κῠ́κλεkŭ́kle	κῠ́κλωkŭ́klō	κῠ́κλοιkŭ́kloi

• This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

There also exists a heteroclitic neuter plural:

Second declension of τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰ; τῶν κῠ́κλων (Attic)

	plural
nominative	τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰtằ kŭ́klă
genitive	τῶν κῠ́κλωνtôn kŭ́klōn
dative	τοῖς κῠ́κλοιςtoîs kŭ́klois
accusative	τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰtằ kŭ́klă
vocative	κῠ́κλᾰkŭ́klă

• This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• εὔκυκλος (eúkuklos)
• ἡμικύκλιος (hēmikúklios)
• παράκυκλος (parákuklos)
• τετρᾰ́κῠκλος (tetrắkŭklos)
• ὑπόκυκλος (hupókuklos)

Descendants

• Greek: κύκλος (kýklos)
• → Latin: cyclus (see there for further descendants)
• →⇒ English: Ku Klux Klan (learned)

Further reading

• “κύκλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κύκλος” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• κύκλος in Pape, Wilhelm (1914), Max Sengebusch, editor, Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache‎^[1] (in German), 3rd edition, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn
• κύκλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “κύκλος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• “κύκλος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• “κύκλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Strong, James (1979), “G2945”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • arch idem, page 38.
  • area idem, page 39.
  • ball idem, page 60.
  • bow idem, page 91.
  • buckler idem, page 102.
  • circle idem, page 132.
  • circuit idem, page 132.
  • circumference idem, page 132.
  • compass idem, page 150.
  • cycle idem, page 193.
  • disc idem, page 228.
  • disk idem, page 234.
  • expanse idem, page 292.
  • eye idem, page 299.
  • globe idem, page 362.
  • hoop idem, page 405.
  • orb idem, page 578.
  • period idem, page 607.
  • precincts idem, page 634.
  • radius idem, page 668.
  • revolution idem, page 711.
  • ring idem, page 716.
  • round idem, page 722.
  • shield idem, page 765.
  • span idem, page 797.
  • sphere idem, page 801.
  • stretch idem, page 825.
  • tract idem, page 885.
  • vault idem, page 945.
• κύκλος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos).

Noun

κύκλος • (kýklos) m (plural κύκλοι)

1. (geometry) circle
2. period, cycle
3. series, cycle
4. clique, coterie, circle, set (of people)
5. (sports) circuit, course, track
6. (education) course
7. (business) turnover

Declension

Declension of κύκλος

	singular	plural
nominative	κύκλος (kýklos)	κύκλοι (kýkloi)
genitive	κύκλου (kýklou)	κύκλων (kýklon)
accusative	κύκλο (kýklo)	κύκλους (kýklous)
vocative	κύκλε (kýkle)	κύκλοι (kýkloi)

Coordinate terms

• see: δακτύλιος m (daktýlios, “circle, ring”) for a list of other "rings" and "circles"

Derived terms

• γιγάκυκλος (gigákyklos, “gigacycle”)
• ημικύκλιο n (imikýklio, “semicircle”)
• φαύλος κύκλος m (fávlos kýklos, “vicious circle”)