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γλῶσσα

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See also: γλώσσα

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Hellenic *glṓt͏̌t͏̌ā; further etymology uncertain. Per Beekes, perhaps originally “provided with a point”, equivalent to γλῶχες (glôkhes, “beard of corn”) +‎ -ια (-ia), from Proto-Indo-European *glṓgʰs ~ *gl̥gʰós (“point”) (assuming cognacy with Proto-Slavic *glogъ (“thorn, hawthorn”), but the connection is disputed).[1]

    Alternatively, related to Proto-Germanic *tulgaz (“tongue”), a poetic word, from a different Proto-Indo-European root noun *dlṓgʰs ~ *dl̥gʰós; compare γλυκύς (glukús) for the phonetics.[2] Or, possibly related to Albanian gjuhë (“tongue”),[3] but the irregular correspondence would point to a substrate language. Compare also Proto-Slavic *golgolъ (“utterance, speech”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *galsás (“voice; sound”) and Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call, shout”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    γλῶσσᾰ • (glôssă) f (genitive γλώσσης); first declension (Ionic, Koine)

    1. (anatomy) the tongue
    2. a language
    3. anything shaped like the tongue
      1. (music) the mouthpiece of a pipe
      2. the tongue or thong of leather, shoe-latchet
      3. the tongue of land
      4. ingot
      5. (divination) a marking on the liver

    Declension

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    First declension of ἡ γλῶσσᾰ; τῆς γλώσσης (Ionic)
    singular dual plural
    nominative ἡ γλῶσσᾰhē glôssă τὼ γλώσσᾱtṑ glṓssā αἱ γλῶσσαιhai glôssai
    genitive τῆς γλώσσηςtês glṓssēs τοῖν γλώσσαινtoîn glṓssain τῶν γλωσσέων / γλωσσῶνtôn glōsséōn / glōssôn
    dative τῇ γλώσσῃtēî glṓssēi τοῖν γλώσσαινtoîn glṓssain τῇσῐ / τῇσῐν γλώσσῃσῐ / γλώσσῃσῐνtēîsĭ(n) glṓssēisĭ(n)
    accusative τὴν γλῶσσᾰνtḕn glôssăn τὼ γλώσσᾱtṑ glṓssā τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱςtā̀s glṓssās
    vocative γλῶσσᾰglôssă γλώσσᾱglṓssā γλῶσσαιglôssai
    • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
    First declension of ἡ γλῶσσᾰ; τῆς γλώσσης (Koine)
    singular plural
    nominative ἡ γλῶσσᾰhē glôssă αἱ γλῶσσαιhai glôssai
    genitive τῆς γλώσσηςtês glṓssēs τῶν γλωσσῶνtôn glōssôn
    dative τῇ γλώσσῃtēî glṓssēi ταῖς γλώσσαιςtaîs glṓssais
    accusative τὴν γλῶσσᾰνtḕn glôssăn τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱςtā̀s glṓssās
    vocative γλῶσσᾰglôssă γλῶσσαιglôssai
    First declension of ᾱ̔ γλῶσσᾰ; τᾶς γλώσσᾱς (Laconian)
    singular dual plural
    nominative ᾱ̔ γλῶσσᾰhā glôssă τὼ γλώσσᾱtṑ glṓssā ταὶ γλῶσσαιtaì glôssai
    genitive τᾶς γλώσσᾱςtâs glṓssās τοῖν γλώσσαινtoîn glṓssain τᾶν γλωσσᾶνtân glōssân
    dative τᾷ γλώσσᾳtāî glṓssāi τοῖν γλώσσαινtoîn glṓssain ταῖς γλώσσαιςtaîs glṓssais
    accusative τᾱ̀ν γλῶσσᾰνtā̀n glôssăn τὼ γλώσσᾱtṑ glṓssā τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱςtā̀s glṓssās
    vocative γλῶσσᾰglôssă γλώσσᾱglṓssā γλῶσσαιglôssai
    • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
    First declension of ἡ γλῶττᾰ; τῆς γλώττης (Attic)
    singular dual plural
    nominative ἡ γλῶττᾰhē glôttă τὼ γλώττᾱtṑ glṓttā αἱ γλῶτταιhai glôttai
    genitive τῆς γλώττηςtês glṓttēs τοῖν γλώτταινtoîn glṓttain τῶν γλωττῶνtôn glōttôn
    dative τῇ γλώττῃtēî glṓttēi τοῖν γλώτταινtoîn glṓttain ταῖς γλώτταιςtaîs glṓttais
    accusative τὴν γλῶττᾰνtḕn glôttăn τὼ γλώττᾱtṑ glṓttā τᾱ̀ς γλώττᾱςtā̀s glṓttās
    vocative γλῶττᾰglôttă γλώττᾱglṓttā γλῶτταιglôttai

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Greek: γλώσσα (glóssa)
    • Italiot Greek: glossa
    • Mariupol Greek: гло́са (hlósa)
    • Tsakonian: γρούσσα (groússa)

    Borrowings:

    • → English: glossa
    • → Latin: glossa (see there for further descendants)

    References

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    1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γλῶσσα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 278
    2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*tulga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 525
    3. ^ Camarda, Demetrio (1864), Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese (in Italian), Livorno: Successore di Egisto Vignozzi

    Further reading

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