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Gülbahar Hatun (mother of Selim I)

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Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun
The tomb of "Gülbahar Hatun" is located inside "Gülbahar Hatun Mosque" in Trabzon
Diedc. 1505[1]
Trabzon, Ottoman Empire
Burial
Gülbahar Hatun Camii, Trabzon
Consort ofBayezid II
IssueSelim I
FatherAlaüddevle Bozkurt Bey
ReligionSunni Islam

Gülbahar Hatun or Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun[2] (Ottoman Turkish: گل بهار خاتون; c. 1453 – c. 1505),[1] was a consort of Sultan Bayezid II and the mother of Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire and the grandmother of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.[3]

Names

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One of the oldest references Cenabî History gives the name of Selim's mother as Ayşe Hatun. According to Sicill-i Osmanî her name is Gülbahar Hatun, while Alderson gives her name Ayşe Hatun, as well.[1]

Origins

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There are two different claims regarding the origin of Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun. According to one claim, she was the daughter of Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey of the Dulkadirid Beylik and the mother of Selim I.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] This is the most widely accepted view.[11] In Tarih-i Saf Tuhfetu'l Ahbab, Selim I's mother is recorded as Ayşe Hatun the wife of Bayezid II and the daughter of the Dulkadirid ruler Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey.[6][8][9][14] In the history of Cenâbî, Selim's mother is described as 'the daughter of a Turkmen bey'. According to another claim, she may have been of concubine origin, as her father’s name is recorded as “Abdüssamed” in the sources.[15][16][17] Some historians suggest she was a Pontic Greek from the village of Vayvara (south of the Sumela Monastery).

Life

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She entered Bayezid's harem around 1469 at Amasya. When Bayezid was still a şehzade and the governor of Amasya sanjak when she gave birth to Selim I in 1470.[citation needed] When Mehmed the Conqueror died in 1481, Bayezid moved to Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, along with his family to ascend the throne.[15]

According to Turkish tradition, all princes were expected to work as provincial governors (Sanjak-bey) as a part of their training. Mothers of princes were responsible for the proper behaviour of their sons in their provincial posts. When Selim was sent to Trabzon sanjak, Gülbahar accompanied him.[15]

However, she was not recognized as a Valide Hatun because she died in 1505 before Selim's accession to the throne.[18] Her tomb is located in Gülbahar Hatun Mosque, Trabzon. It was built in 1514 in honour of his mother and was restored in 1885.[citation needed]

Issue

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By Bayezid II, Ayşe Gülbahar had a son:

  • Selim I (10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520). He became sultan after dethroning his father and defeating his half-brothers Ahmed and Korkut.

See also

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Bibliography

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  • Sakaoğlu, Necdet [in Turkish] (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak publications. ISBN 978-975-329-623-6.

References

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  1. 1 2 3 Necdet Sakaoğlu [in Turkish] (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak publications. p. 135. ISBN 978-975-329-623-6.
  2. ↑ Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2015). Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları (in Turkish). Alfa Yayınları. p. 182. ISBN 978-605-171-079-2.
  3. ↑ Ahmed Akgündüz, Said Öztürk (2011). Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths. ISBN 978-90-90-26108-9.
  4. ↑ Emecen, Feridun. "Selim I". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. [His mother was Ayşe Hatun, the daughter of Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey of Dulkadir. Although some sources identify his mother as Gülbahar bint Abdüssamed, this appears to be nothing more than an attribution. The information that his mother was Ayşe Hatun is explicitly mentioned by the sixteenth-century historian Cenâbî.]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ↑ BOSTAN, M. Hanefi (2019). "YAVUZ SULTAN SELİM'İN ŞEHZÂDELİK DÖNEMİ (1487-1512)". Dergipark. [Although there are different accounts regarding his date of birth, it is estimated that he was born in 1470. His mother was Ayşe (Gülbahar) Sultan, the daughter of Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey of the Dulkadirids.]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. 1 2 Kılıç, Ayşegül (2021). "OSMANLI-MEMLÛK NÜFUZ MÜCADELESİNDE DULKADİROĞULLARI BEYLİĞİ". Dergipark. [One of the marriages between the Dulkadirid dynasty and the Ottomans was the marriage concluded in 1467 between Ayşe Hatun, the daughter of Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey, and Prince Bayezid (later Sultan Bayezid II), the son of Mehmed the Conqueror. This marriage resulted in the birth of Yavuz Sultan Selim (Uzunçarşılı, 1988: 173; Tekindağ, 1967a: 348; Tansel, 1966: 126; Kopraman, 2002: 893; Muslu, 2016: 183).]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ↑ Steenbergen, Jo Van (2020). "From Temür to Selim: Trajectories of Turko-Mongol State Formation in Islamic West-Asia's Long Fifteenth Century". Only sultan Selim (r. 1512–20) was an exception to this rule, as the product of a marriage between Bayezid and the daughter of the Dulkadirid ruler of Elbistan in Southeast Anatolia.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. 1 2 Köker, Vural (2021). "DULKADIR PRINCIPALITY ALÂÜDDEVLE BEY PERIOD (1480-1515) AN OVERVIEW OF THE OTTOMAN, MEMLUK RELATIONS". Atlas journal. [Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey, his uncle Aşık Bey, the Beylerbeyi Mestan Bey, and a significant number of leading figures of the Dulkadirids took refuge with Şehzade Bayezid in Amasya after his brother Şehsuvar Bey was executed and Şahbudak was reinstated as ruler of the Dulkadirids with the support of the Mamluk Sultan Qaitbay (Kaya, 2008: 166). After arriving in Amasya, Alaüddevle Bey married his daughter Ayşe Hatun to Şehzade Bayezid, and Yavuz Sultan Selim was born from this marriage in 1467 (Gökhan, 2011: 206).]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. 1 2 Muslu, Cihan Yüksel (2016),Osmanlılar ve Memluklar, İslam Dünyasında İmoaratorluk Diplomasisi ve Rekabet, İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi.
  10. ↑ "Mother Of Yavuz Sultan Selim". Osmanlı Araştırmaları Vakfı (Ottoman Research Foundation). Archived from the original on 2010-12-08.Osmanlıdan Cumhuriyete Trabzonlu simalar ve Trabzon'un köklü aileleri. Mehmet Akif Bal. 2005. ISBN 978-975-00451-0-3.
  11. 1 2 Öztürk, Temel. "Yavuz Sultan Selim'in Annesi:Tarihi Kaynaklar Işığında Karşılaştırmalı Bir Literatür Denemesi" (PDF). Türk Tarih Kurumu.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ↑ Deveci Bozkuş, Yıldız. "Yavuz Sultan Selim Dönemi'nde İstanbul'da Ermeniler" (PDF). Türk Tarih Kurumu.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ↑ Babinger, Franz. "Mehmed the Conqueror and his time". Internet Archives. [Later Ayse Hatun, Suleyman’s granddaughter, would marry the future Bayezid II and become the mother of Selim I, known as the Grim.]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. 1 2 UZUNÇARŞILI, İsmail Hakkı. "Yavuz Sultan Selim'in Kızı Hanım Sultan ve Torunu Kara Osman Şah Bey Vakfiyeleri". İsam.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. 1 2 3 Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 136.
  16. ↑ Leslie P. Peirce (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5.
  17. ↑ Zamanın İskenderi şarkın Fatihi: Yavuz Sultan Selim. Yitik Hazine Yayınları. 2010. ISBN 978-9944-766-24-1.VII-XVI. asırlarda Maraş emirleri: emir, melik, bey, senyör, beylerbeyi, sancakbeyi. Ukde. 2008. ISBN 978-605-89971-0-3.Amasya. Amasya Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası. 1997.Dijkema, F.TH (1977), The Ottoman Historical Monumental Inscriptions in Edirne, BRILL, p. 32, ISBN 90-04-05062-0
  18. ↑ Tektaş, Nazım (2004). Harem'den Taşanlar (in Turkish). Çatı Kitapları. p. 75. ISBN 9758845020.
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