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Al-Mash'ar al-Haram Mosque

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Sacred Grove
Al-Mašʿar Al-Ḥarām (ٱلْمَشْعَر ٱلْحَرَام)
Al-Mash'ar al-Haram Mosque is located in Saudi Arabia
Al-Mash'ar al-Haram Mosque
Location within Saudi Arabia
Al-Mash'ar al-Haram Mosque is located in Middle East
Al-Mash'ar al-Haram Mosque
Al-Mash'ar al-Haram Mosque (Middle East)
Al-Mash'ar al-Haram Mosque is located in West and Central Asia
Al-Mash'ar al-Haram Mosque
Al-Mash'ar al-Haram Mosque (West and Central Asia)
Religion
AffiliationIslam
Mosque
StatusActive
Location
LocationMuzdalifah, Makkah, Hejaz
Coordinates21°23′10″N 39°54′44″E / 21.38611°N 39.91222°E / 21.38611; 39.91222
Architecture
TypeMosque architecture
StyleIslamic
Specifications
Direction of façade
Qiblah
Minaret2

Al-Mash'ar al-Haram Mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد ٱلْمَشْعَر ٱلْحَرَام, romanized: Masjid Al-Mašʿar Al-Ḥarām), a historic mosque,[1] is one of the most significant landmarks of the Hajj pilgrimage, located in Muzdalifah, western Saudi Arabia.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Background

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The history of the mosque is closely connected to the Islamic Prophet Muhammad's actions during the Farewell Pilgrimage, and to the Quranic command to remember God here when moving from Arafat to Muzdalifah. The mosque was originally built in the 3rd century A.H. (as noted by al-Azraqi[1]) on the site where Muhammad spent the night in Muzdalifah, prayed Fajr, and remembered God until daybreak.

The importance of the area stems from its mention in the Quran (2:198)[10] as the Sacred Grove [ar]:

لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ ۚ فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُم مِّنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللهَ عِندَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ ۖ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِن كُنتُم مِّن قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الضَّالِّينَ
There is no sin on you if you seek the Bounty of your Lord. Then when you leave 'Arafat, remember Allah at the Sacred Grove. And remember Him as He has guided you, and verily, you were, before, of those who were astray.

The Sacred Grove in the verse refers to the Muzdalifah area and not specifically where the modern mosque is located

It is the place where the Prophet prayed and spent the night in Muzdalifah, making it a natural and meaningful stop for pilgrims after standing at Arafat.[11] The mosque serves as a place for remembering God, performing the combined Maghrib and ‘Isha prayers, and spending the night in Muzdalifah before heading to Mina on the morning of Eid. Each year, millions of pilgrims visit the mosque as a blessed site of prayer and devotion.[12]

Since its initial construction, the mosque has undergone several expansions and restorations throughout Islamic history, eventually reaching its present form.[1]

Description

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The mosque is situated in the heart of Muzdalifah, between Mount Arafat and Mina, along the route connecting the two sites. It serves as a major gathering point for pilgrims after they move from Arafat at the end of the Day of Arafah.[citation needed]

The mosque covers an area of approximately 5,040 m2 (54,300 sq ft), with a length of about 90 m (300 ft) and a width of 56 metres (184 feet). It includes a large prayer courtyard that can accommodate over 12,000 worshippers, and it features two minarets rising to a height of around 32 metres (105 feet).[13]

The exterior of the mosque is a low-rise, rectilinear structure with a strong horizontal emphasis, articulated by repetitive modular façades of light-colored masonry, evenly spaced rectangular windows with metal grilles, and a crenellated parapet. Its most prominent vertical elements are two 32-metre minarets at the eastern side, composed of cylindrical shafts, single balconies, and modest capped tops, designed in a restrained modern Arab-Islamic style that maintains material and visual coherence with the main structure.[1]

The interior is a single, open hypostyle prayer hall constructed with reinforced concrete, organized through a dense, modular grid of columns forming longitudinal aisles aligned toward the qibla. Spatial emphasis is functional and restrained, with a subtly articulated miḥrāb on the qibla wall and a continuous red carpet patterned with miḥrāb motifs to guide orderly prayer rows.[1]

See also

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References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "al-Mashar al-Haram Mosque - Madain Project (en)". madainproject.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2026. Retrieved 2026-04-17.
  2. ↑ "مسجد المشعر الحرام". سعوديبيديا (in Arabic). 2024-08-07. Retrieved 2025-11-29.
  3. 1 2 Burton, Richard Francis (1857). Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah. p. 226. The word jamrah is applied to the place of stoning, as well as to the stones.
  4. 1 2 Abū Dā'ūd (1984). Sunan Abu Dawud: Chapters 519-1337. Sh. M. Ashraf. ISBN 978-9-6943-2097-7. 1204. Jamrah originally means a pebble. It is applied to the heap of stones or a pillar.
  5. 1 2 Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1995) [1885]. Dictionary of Islam. Asian Educational Services. p. 225. ISBN 978-81-206-0672-2. Literally "gravel, or small pebbles." The three pillars [...] placed against a rough wall of stones [...]
  6. 1 2 Long, David E. (1979). "2: The Rites of the Hajj". The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah. SUNY Press. pp. 11–24. ISBN 0-8739-5382-7. With thousands of Hajjis, most of them in motor vehicles, rushing headlong for Muzdalifah [...] There is special grace for praying at the roofless mosque in Muzdalifah called al-Mash'ar al-Haram (the Sacred Grove)
  7. 1 2 Danarto (1989). A Javanese pilgrim in Mecca. Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University. p. 27. ISBN 0-8674-6939-0. It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah, four miles away. The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al-Mash'ar al-Haram. the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah, as one of the conditions for the hajj.
  8. 1 2 Jones, Lindsay (2005). Encyclopedia of religion. Vol. 10. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 7159. ISBN 0-0286-5743-8. The Qur'an admonishes: "When you hurry from Arafat, remember God at the Sacred Grove (al-mash' ar al-haram)," that is, at Muzdalifah (2:198). Today a mosque marks the place in Muzdalifah where pilgrims gather to perform the special saldt
  9. 1 2 Ziauddin Sardar; M. A. Zaki Badawi (1978). Hajj Studies. Jeddah: Croom Helm for Hajj Research Centre; King Abdul Aziz University. p. 32. ISBN 0-8566-4681-4. Muzdalifah is an open plain sheltered by parched hills with sparse growth of thorn bushes. The pilgrims spend a night under the open sky of the roofless Mosque, the Sacred Grove, Al Mush'ar al-Haram. On the morning of the tenth, all depart[.]
  10. ↑ Quran 2:198 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  11. ↑ "Masjid al-Mashar al-Haram: The Sacred Mosque in Makkah al-Haram - Alfalah Journey". 2025-10-17. Retrieved 2025-11-29.
  12. ↑ "المشعر الحرام .. نزل النبي عند قبلته في حجة الوداع". makkawi.azurewebsites.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2025-11-29.
  13. ↑ "مشعر مزدلفة". كدانة للتنمية والتطوير (in Arabic). Retrieved 2025-11-29.
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