Sedimentation - Revision history

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	[[File:Siltation or Sedimentation.jpg\|thumb\|Siltation]]		[[File:Siltation or Sedimentation.jpg\|thumb\|Siltation]]

	In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=~~{{Format ISBN\|0922152349}}~~ \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}		In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0-922152-34-9 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}

	{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}
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	{{Anchor\|Depositional episode}}		{{Anchor\|Depositional episode}}

	Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=~~{{Format ISBN\|0136427103}}~~ \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>		Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0-13-642710-3 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>

	In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>		In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>

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	{{Main\|Sedimentation equilibrium}}		{{Main\|Sedimentation equilibrium}}

	When particles settling from a suspension reach a hard boundary, the concentration of particles at the boundary is opposed by the [[diffusion]] of the particles. The distribution of sediment near the boundary comes into [[sedimentation equilibrium]]. Measurements of the distribution yields information on the nature of the particles.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926 \|website=NobelPrize.org \|date=27 Nov 2021 \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1926/summary/ \|access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Piazza\|first1=Roberto\|last2=Buzzaccaro\|first2=Stefano\|last3=Secchi\|first3=Eleonora\|date=2012-06-27\|title=The unbearable heaviness of colloids: facts, surprises, and puzzles in sedimentation\|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/24/28/284109\|journal=Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter\|language=en\|volume=24\|issue=28\|~~pages~~=284109\|doi=10.1088/0953-8984/24/28/284109\|pmid=22738878\|bibcode=2012JPCM...24B4109P \|s2cid=23309333 \|issn=0953-8984\|url-access=subscription}}</ref>		When particles settling from a suspension reach a hard boundary, the concentration of particles at the boundary is opposed by the [[diffusion]] of the particles. The distribution of sediment near the boundary comes into [[sedimentation equilibrium]]. Measurements of the distribution yields information on the nature of the particles.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926 \|website=NobelPrize.org \|date=27 Nov 2021 \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1926/summary/ \|access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Piazza\|first1=Roberto\|last2=Buzzaccaro\|first2=Stefano\|last3=Secchi\|first3=Eleonora\|date=2012-06-27\|title=The unbearable heaviness of colloids: facts, surprises, and puzzles in sedimentation\|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/24/28/284109\|journal=Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter\|language=en\|volume=24\|issue=28\|article-number=284109\|doi=10.1088/0953-8984/24/28/284109\|pmid=22738878\|bibcode=2012JPCM...24B4109P \|s2cid=23309333 \|issn=0953-8984\|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

	==In geology==		==In geology==
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	[[File:Siltation or Sedimentation.jpg\|thumb\|Siltation]]		[[File:Siltation or Sedimentation.jpg\|thumb\|Siltation]]

	In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0922152349 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}		In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn={{Format ISBN\|0922152349}} \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}

	{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}
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	{{Anchor\|Depositional episode}}		{{Anchor\|Depositional episode}}

	Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>		Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn={{Format ISBN\|0136427103}} \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>

	In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>		In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>
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	\|publisher = blackwarriorriver.org		\|publisher = blackwarriorriver.org
	\|access-date = 2009-11-16		\|access-date = 2009-11-16
	\|url-status = dead
	\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091221081934/http://blackwarriorriver.org/siltation-sedimentation.html		\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091221081934/http://blackwarriorriver.org/siltation-sedimentation.html
	\|archive-date = 2009-12-21		\|archive-date = 2009-12-21
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	\|archive-date=2017-03-18		\|archive-date=2017-03-18
	\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318092805/http://ijc.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.185/prod.38		\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318092805/http://ijc.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.185/prod.38
	\|url-status=dead
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

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	In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0922152349 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}		In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0922152349 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}

	{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation ~~(geology)~~}}		{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}

	The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales.		The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales.

1.159.234.27 at 12:40, 30 July 2025

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:40, 30 July 2025
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	In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0922152349 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}		In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0922152349 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}

	{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation (geology)}}

	The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales.		The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales.

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	{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}

			The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales.

	{{Anchor\|Depositional episode}}		{{Anchor\|Depositional episode}}

	The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>		Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>

	In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>		In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>

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	{{~~short~~ description\|Tendency for particles in suspension to settle down}}		{{Short description\|Tendency for particles in suspension to settle down}}
	{{~~sediment~~ sidebar\|process}}		{{Sediment sidebar\|process}}

	'''Sedimentation''' is the deposition of [[~~sediments~~]].<ref>{{oed\|sedimentation}}</ref> It takes place when [[particle (ecology)\|particle]]s in [[Suspension (chemistry)\|suspension]] settle out of the [[fluid]] in which they are [[Entrainment (engineering)\|entrained]] and come to rest against a barrier. This is due to their motion through the fluid in response to the [[force]]s acting on them: these forces can be due to [[gravitation\|gravity]], [[centrifugal acceleration]], or [[electromagnetism]]. [[Settling]] is the falling of suspended particles through the liquid, whereas sedimentation is the final result of the settling process.		'''Sedimentation''' is the deposition of [[sediment]]s.<ref>{{oed\|sedimentation}}</ref> It takes place when [[particle (ecology)\|particle]]s in [[Suspension (chemistry)\|suspension]] settle out of the [[fluid]] in which they are [[Entrainment (engineering)\|entrained]] and come to rest against a barrier. This is due to their motion through the fluid in response to the [[force]]s acting on them: these forces can be due to [[gravitation\|gravity]], [[centrifugal acceleration]], or [[electromagnetism]]. [[Settling]] is the falling of suspended particles through the liquid, whereas sedimentation is the final result of the settling process.

	In [[geology]], sedimentation is the [[deposition (geology)\|deposition]] of sediments which results in the formation of [[sedimentary rock]]. The term is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial [[erosion]] through [[sediment transport]] and settling to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the strict geological definition of sedimentation is the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water.		In [[geology]], sedimentation is the [[deposition (geology)\|deposition]] of sediments which results in the formation of [[sedimentary rock]]. The term is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial [[erosion]] through [[sediment transport]] and settling to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the strict geological definition of sedimentation is the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water.
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	==Principles==		==Principles==

	===Settling===		===Settling===
	{{~~excerpt~~\|Settling}}		{{Excerpt\|Settling}}

	===Classification===		===Classification===
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	===Sedimentation equilibrium===		===Sedimentation equilibrium===
	{{~~main~~\|Sedimentation equilibrium}}		{{Main\|Sedimentation equilibrium}}

	When particles settling from a suspension reach a hard boundary, the concentration of particles at the boundary is opposed by the [[diffusion]] of the particles. The distribution of sediment near the boundary comes into [[sedimentation equilibrium]]. Measurements of the distribution yields information on the nature of the particles.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926 \|website=NobelPrize.org \|date=27 Nov 2021 \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1926/summary/ \|access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Piazza\|first1=Roberto\|last2=Buzzaccaro\|first2=Stefano\|last3=Secchi\|first3=Eleonora\|date=2012-06-27\|title=The unbearable heaviness of colloids: facts, surprises, and puzzles in sedimentation\|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/24/28/284109\|journal=Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter\|language=en\|volume=24\|issue=28\|pages=284109\|doi=10.1088/0953-8984/24/28/284109\|pmid=22738878\|bibcode=2012JPCM...24B4109P \|s2cid=23309333 \|issn=0953-8984\|url-access=subscription}}</ref>		When particles settling from a suspension reach a hard boundary, the concentration of particles at the boundary is opposed by the [[diffusion]] of the particles. The distribution of sediment near the boundary comes into [[sedimentation equilibrium]]. Measurements of the distribution yields information on the nature of the particles.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926 \|website=NobelPrize.org \|date=27 Nov 2021 \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1926/summary/ \|access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Piazza\|first1=Roberto\|last2=Buzzaccaro\|first2=Stefano\|last3=Secchi\|first3=Eleonora\|date=2012-06-27\|title=The unbearable heaviness of colloids: facts, surprises, and puzzles in sedimentation\|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/24/28/284109\|journal=Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter\|language=en\|volume=24\|issue=28\|pages=284109\|doi=10.1088/0953-8984/24/28/284109\|pmid=22738878\|bibcode=2012JPCM...24B4109P \|s2cid=23309333 \|issn=0953-8984\|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

	==In geology==		==In geology==
	{{See also\|Deposition (geology)}}		{{See also\|Deposition (geology)}}

	[[File:Siltation or Sedimentation.jpg\|thumb\|Siltation]]		[[File:Siltation or Sedimentation.jpg\|thumb\|Siltation]]

	In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0922152349 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}		In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0922152349 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}

	{{~~anchor~~\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}
	{{~~anchor~~\|Depositional episode}}		{{Anchor\|Depositional episode}}

	The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>		The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>

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	===Siltation===		===Siltation===
	{{~~main~~\|Siltation}}		{{Main\|Siltation}}

	An undesired increased transport and sedimentation of suspended material is called [[siltation]], and it is a major source of pollution in waterways in some parts of the world.<ref>		An undesired increased transport and sedimentation of suspended material is called [[siltation]], and it is a major source of pollution in waterways in some parts of the world.<ref>
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	==In water treatment==		==In water treatment==
	{{~~excerpt~~\|Sedimentation (water treatment)}}		{{Excerpt\|Sedimentation (water treatment)}}

	==See also==		==See also==

Citation bot: Altered bibcode. Added issue. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | #UCB_toolbar

2024-07-16T15:11:49Z

Altered bibcode. Added issue. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | #UCB_toolbar

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:11, 16 July 2024
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	{{anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}
	{{anchor\|Depositional episode}}		{{anchor\|Depositional episode}}
	The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= \| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>		The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>

	In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>		In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>

AManWithNoPlan: wrong bibcode

2024-07-16T15:11:29Z

wrong bibcode

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:11, 16 July 2024
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	{{anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}
	{{anchor\|Depositional episode}}		{{anchor\|Depositional episode}}
	The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode=~~2005JGRF..11004014P~~\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>		The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= \| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>

	In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>		In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>

Jeremy Young: /* In geology */ sedimentation rates corrected from rates per year to rates per thousand years

2024-07-15T09:58:50Z

In geology: sedimentation rates corrected from rates per year to rates per thousand years

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:58, 15 July 2024
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	{{anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}
	{{anchor\|Depositional episode}}		{{anchor\|Depositional episode}}
	The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode=2005JGRF..11004014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per ~~year~~ in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>		The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode=2005JGRF..11004014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>

	In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>		In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>

ClueBot NG: Reverting possible vandalism by 58.107.112.21 to version by YusufuAM. Report False Positive? Thanks, ClueBot NG. (4323378) (Bot)

2024-05-15T09:32:10Z

Reverting possible vandalism by 58.107.112.21 to version by YusufuAM. Report False Positive? Thanks, ClueBot NG. (4323378) (Bot)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:32, 15 May 2024
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	'''Sedimentation''' is the deposition of [[sediments]].<ref>{{oed\|sedimentation}}</ref> It takes place when [[particle (ecology)\|particle]]s in [[Suspension (chemistry)\|suspension]] settle out of the [[fluid]] in which they are [[Entrainment (engineering)\|entrained]] and come to rest against a barrier. This is due to their motion through the fluid in response to the [[force]]s acting on them: these forces can be due to [[gravitation\|gravity]], [[centrifugal acceleration]], or [[electromagnetism]]. [[Settling]] is the falling of suspended particles through the liquid, whereas sedimentation is the final result of the settling process.		'''Sedimentation''' is the deposition of [[sediments]].<ref>{{oed\|sedimentation}}</ref> It takes place when [[particle (ecology)\|particle]]s in [[Suspension (chemistry)\|suspension]] settle out of the [[fluid]] in which they are [[Entrainment (engineering)\|entrained]] and come to rest against a barrier. This is due to their motion through the fluid in response to the [[force]]s acting on them: these forces can be due to [[gravitation\|gravity]], [[centrifugal acceleration]], or [[electromagnetism]]. [[Settling]] is the falling of suspended particles through the liquid, whereas sedimentation is the final result of the settling process.

	The ball sacks up your but
	In [[geology]], sedimentation is the [[deposition (geology)\|deposition]] of sediments which results in the formation of [[sedimentary rock]]. The term is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial [[erosion]] through [[sediment transport]] and settling to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the strict geological definition of sedimentation is the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water.		In [[geology]], sedimentation is the [[deposition (geology)\|deposition]] of sediments which results in the formation of [[sedimentary rock]]. The term is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial [[erosion]] through [[sediment transport]] and settling to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the strict geological definition of sedimentation is the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:35, 4 October 2025
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	[[File:Siltation or Sedimentation.jpg\|thumb\|Siltation]]		[[File:Siltation or Sedimentation.jpg\|thumb\|Siltation]]

	In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=~~{{Format ISBN\|0922152349}}~~ \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}		In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0-922152-34-9 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}

	{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}
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	{{Anchor\|Depositional episode}}		{{Anchor\|Depositional episode}}

	Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=~~{{Format ISBN\|0136427103}}~~ \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>		Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0-13-642710-3 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>

	In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>		In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:44, 30 July 2025
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	In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0922152349 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}		In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0922152349 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}

	{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation ~~(geology)~~}}		{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}

	The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales.		The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:40, 30 July 2025
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	In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0922152349 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}		In [[geology]], the term ''sedimentation'' is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial formation of sediments by [[erosion]] of particles from rock outcrops, through [[sediment transport]] and settling, to the [[lithification]] of the sediments. However, the term is more particularly applied to the deposition of sediments, and in the strictest sense, it applies only to the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation results in the formation of depositional [[landform]]s and the rocks that constitute the [[depositional record\|sedimentary record]].<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-last=Jackson \|editor1-first=Julia A. \|title=Glossary of geology. \|date=1997 \|publisher=American Geological Institute \|location=Alexandria, Virginia \|isbn=0922152349 \|edition=Fourth \|chapter=sedimentation}}</ref> The building up of land surfaces by sedimentation, particularly in river valleys, is called ''[[aggradation]]''.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="aggradation"}}

	{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation (geology)}}

	The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales.		The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:39, 30 July 2025
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	{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{Anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}

			The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales.

	{{Anchor\|Depositional episode}}		{{Anchor\|Depositional episode}}

	The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>		Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>

	In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>		In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:11, 16 July 2024
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	{{anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}		{{anchor\|Rate of sedimentation}}
	{{anchor\|Depositional episode}}		{{anchor\|Depositional episode}}
	The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= \| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>		The '''rate of sedimentation''' is the thickness of sediment accumulated per unit time.{{sfn\|Jackson\|1997\|loc="rate of sedimentation"}} For [[suspension (chemistry)\|suspended]] load, this can be expressed mathematically by the [[Exner equation]].<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Paola \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Voller \| first2 = V. R. \| title = A generalized Exner equation for sediment mass balance \| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research \| volume = 110 \| pages = F04014 \| year = 2005 \| issue = F4 \| doi = 10.1029/2004JF000274\| bibcode= 2005JGRF..110.4014P\| doi-access = }}</ref> Rates of sedimentation vary from less than {{convert\|3\|mm\|\|sp=us}} per thousand years for [[pelagic sediment]] to several meters per thousand years in portions of major [[river delta]]s. However, long-term accumulation of sediments is determined less by rate of sedimentation than by rate of subsidence, which creates [[Accommodation (geology)\|accommodation space]] for sediments to accumulate over geological time scales. Most sedimentation in the [[geologic record]] occurred in relative brief '''depositional episodes''' separated by long intervals of nondeposition or even erosion.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Blatt \|first1=Harvey \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Gerard \|last3=Murray \|first3=Raymond \|title=Origin of sedimentary rocks \|date=1980 \|publisher=Prentice-Hall \|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. \|isbn=0136427103 \|edition=2d \|pages=30–31, 122–123}}</ref>

	In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>		In [[Estuary\|estuarine]] environments, settling can be influenced by the presence or absence of vegetation. Trees such as mangroves are crucial to the [[attenuation]] of waves or currents, promoting the settlement of suspended particles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Van Santen\|first1=P.\|last2=Augustinus\|first2=P. G. E. F.\|last3=Janssen-Stelder\|first3=B. M.\|last4=Quartel\|first4=S.\|last5=Tri\|first5=N. H.\|date=2007-02-15\|title=Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system\|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\|series=Morphodynamics of the Red River Delta, Vietnam\|volume=29\|issue=4\|pages=566–575\|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.011\|bibcode=2007JAESc..29..566V}}</ref>