Deep Blue: An Artificial Intelligence MilestoneA technological milestone is not just a triumph, but a rare, pivotal watershed: Orville Wright's first flight, NASA's landing on the moon¿the victory of a digital computer, Deep Blue, over world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997. "Deep Blue: An Artificial Intelligence Milestone" details the historic endeavor to develop a chess-playing computer that would outplay the best human player on Earth. The story tells of the super-talented team of scientists and engineers involved, how one of America's mightiest corporations nurtured that team, and how the team's hard work produced a machine that played epic battles against human beings before eventually proving victorious. Deep Blue's success raises many questions about our future relationship with the digital computer. Topics and features: * Offers a comprehensive record of Deep Blue's Development * Gives the reader insight into the ups and downs of the deep Blue team on its way to finally defeating Gary Kasparov * Includes appendices that completely record Deep Blue's matches * Provides many photographs of the participants involved in the journey * Analyzes Deep Blue's evolution from "hostile force" to "champion" in popular cartoons appearing in newspapers. The work provides a comprehensive and authoritative account of the creation, development, and actions of IBM's Deep Blue technology group and how their computer defeated the world chess champion. Specialists and nonspecialists in AI and computing will discover a fascinating story of one of the major technological milestones in the history of computer science, as well as science in general. |
Contents
Intellectual Equals | vii |
Testing the Water | 5 |
Gaining Experience | 19 |
Surviving Deep Cuts | 31 |
From Cape May to Beijing | 45 |
Philadelphia | 67 |
Rematch Negotiations | 89 |
A Faster and Smarter Deep Blue | 95 |
Rules of Play for the Rematch | 225 |
Algebraic Chess Notation | 229 |
Games from Chapter 2 | 233 |
Games from Chapter 3 | 239 |
Games from Chapter 4 | 247 |
Games from Chapter 5 | 253 |
Games from the ACM Chess Challenge | 259 |
Chess Program Strength Search Depth and Computer Speed | 263 |
Countdown to the Rematch | 103 |
The Rematch Game 1 Three Straight for Kasparov | 115 |
The Rematch Game 2 Internet Finds Break for Deep Blue | 129 |
The Rematch Games 35 Endgame Standoffs | 141 |
The Rematch Game 6 A Sacrifice and Surprising Patience | 161 |
Deep Blue Is Triumphant | 185 |
The Bottom Line | 197 |
The Light Side of Deep Blue | 213 |
Practice Games Played by Deep Blue Junior in 1997 | 267 |
Games from the Rematch | 271 |
Analysis of the Final Position of Game 2 | 283 |
Difficult Positions for Deep Blue from the Rematch | 287 |
Deep Blues Printout of Game 6 of the Rematch | 291 |
Index | 301 |
Common terms and phrases
accelerator card Anantharaman Anatoly Karpov axb5 bishop Black Deep Thought Black resigns Blue's Bruce Weber bxc6 Carnegie Mellon Caro-Kann CB Hsu chess player chess program chess project chess-playing clock commentary auditorium Computer Chess Computer Chess Championship computer-chess Cray Blitz cxd4 cxd5 David Levy Deep Blue Junior Deep Blue played Deep Blue team defeat draw endgame event exd5 February Feng-hsiung Hsu final Frederic Friedel Fritz4 Garry Kasparov Grandmaster Hitech Hsu's human IBM Research IBM's ICCA Journal Joe Hoane Joel Benjamin Judit Polgar Kasparov played Kasparov versus Deep Ken Thompson king knight machine Mike Valvo minutes Moulic Murray Campbell Nxd4 Nxe4 opening book opponent pawn position problems queen Qxd6 Rematch Reti Opening Robert Byrne rook Round score Sicilian Defense Socrates supercomputers tournament victory VLSI VLSI chess chips world champion world championship World Computer Chess Yasser Seirawan York Yorktown Heights еб



