Claudius Caesar: Image and Power in the Early Roman Empire

"Throughout his childhood and early adult years, Claudius never could have expected to become ruler of the Roman world. Born in 10 bc to Drusus, Augustus' stepson, and Antonia, Augustus' niece, he had not a drop of the first emperor's blood in him. But that was not his disqualification, for Claudius' own older brother, Germanicus, was considered a possible successor (Fig. 1). When, in ad 4, Augustus finally adopted Tiberius, gave him new powers, and made him his heir, he required Tiberius first to adopt Germanicus; both thereby gained the crucial name "Caesar" and entered the Julian family.1 And after the premature death of Germanicus in ad 19, it was Germanicus' own young sons, including Gaius Caesar - otherwise known as Caligula - rather than Claudius, who came to be seen as possible successors to Tiberius.2 The obstacle for Claudius was that as a child he suffered from a nervous disorder now diagnosed as dystonia - symptoms mentioned included irregular motor movements, a stammer, and drooling - and was thus deemed unsuitable for public life.3 His own mother, it could be claimed, liked to call him "a freak of a man, not finished by Nature but only begun."4 She, along with the rest of rest of the family, finally decided, when Germanicus was consul in ad 12, that Claudius was not to serve in any magistracy or to join the Senate"--Provided by publisher.