Metaphor and ThoughtAndrew Ortony Metaphor and Thought reflects the surge of interest in and research into the nature and function of metaphor in language and thought. Philosophers, psychologists, linguists, and educators raise serious questions about the viability of the traditional distinction between the literal and the metaphorical, discussing problems ranging from the definition of metaphor to its role in language acquistion, learning, scientific thinking, and the creation of social policy. In the second edition, the contributors have updated their original essays to reflect changes in their fields. The volume also includes six new chapters that present important and influential new ideas about metaphor that have appeared in such fields as the philosophy of language and the philosophy of science, linguistics, cognitive and clinical psychology, education, and artificial intelligence. The book will serve as an excellent graduate-level textbook in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. |
Contents
Metaphor language and thought | 1 |
Metaphor and Meaning | 17 |
More about metaphor | 19 |
Figurative speech and linguistics | 42 |
The semantics of metaphor | 58 |
Some problems with the notion of literal meanings | 71 |
Metaphor | 83 |
Language concepts and worlds Three domains of metaphor | 112 |
The role of similarity in similes and metaphors | 342 |
Images and models similes and metaphors | 357 |
How metaphors work | 401 |
Metaphor and irony Two levels of understanding | 425 |
Metaphor and Science | 445 |
The shift from metaphor to analogy in Western science | 447 |
Metaphor and theory change What is metaphor a metaphor for? | 481 |
Metaphor in science | 533 |
Observations on the pragmatics of metaphor | 124 |
Metaphor and Representation | 135 |
Generative metaphor A perspective on problemsetting in social policy | 137 |
The conduit metaphor A case of frame conflict in our language about language | 164 |
The contemporary theory of metaphor | 202 |
Process and products in making sense of tropes | 252 |
Metaphor induction and social policy The convergence of macroscopic and microscopic views | 277 |
Metaphor and Understanding | 305 |
Psychological processes in metaphor comprehension and memory | 307 |
The interpretation of novel metaphors | 329 |
Metaphorical imprecision and the top down research strategy | 543 |
Metaphor and Education | 559 |
The instructive metaphor Metaphoric aids to students understanding of science | 561 |
Metaphor and learning | 579 |
Learning without metaphor | 610 |
Educational uses of metaphor | 621 |
| 633 | |
Author index | 663 |
| 670 | |
Common terms and phrases
alchemists analogy argue argument Bela Lugosi believe causal cognitive communication comparison statement concept conceptual metaphors conduit metaphor construct context conventional convey corresponding definition discussion empiricist epistemic access example expressions fact figurative function Gentner Glucksberg hearer homeostatic hyponym ideas idioms important indirect speech acts infer interaction interpretation involved irony kind knowledge Lakoff language learning lexemes linguistic literal meaning mapping Max Black meta metaphorical statement metaphorical utterance metonymy natural natural kinds nonliteral notion objects Ortony Paivio Petrie phor phorical polysemy possible precision predicates principles problem psychology question reader reason reference relation relevant role Rumelhart scientific Searle semantic sense sentence meaning similarity simile sort speaker meaning speech acts structure subspaces suggest synecdoche theoretical theory of metaphor theory-constitutive metaphors things thought tion topic tropes true truth truth conditions understanding utterance meaning vehicle words