Ocean AcidificationJean-Pierre Gattuso, Lina Hansson The ocean helps moderate climate change thanks to its considerable capacity to store CO2, through the combined actions of ocean physics, chemistry, and biology. This storage capacity limits the amount of human-released CO2 remaining in the atmosphere. As CO2 reacts with seawater, it generates dramatic changes in carbonate chemistry, including decreases in pH and carbonate ions and an increase in bicarbonate ions. The consequences of this overall process, known as "ocean acidification", are raising concerns for the biological, ecological, and biogeochemical health of the world's oceans, as well as for the potential societal implications. This research level text is the first to synthesize the very latest understanding of the consequences of ocean acidification, with the intention of informing both future research agendas and marine management policy. A prestigious list of authors has been assembled, among them the coordinators of major national and international projects on ocean acidification. |
Contents
background and history | 1 |
2 Past changes in ocean carbonate chemistry | 21 |
3 Recent and future changes in ocean carbonate chemistry | 41 |
the long view | 67 |
5 Effects of ocean acidification on the diversity and activity of heterotrophic marine microorganisms | 83 |
6 Effects of ocean acidification on pelagic organisms and ecosystems | 99 |
7 Effects of ocean acidification on benthic processes organisms and ecosystems | 122 |
8 Effects of ocean acidification on nektonic organisms | 154 |
10 Effects of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity and ecosystem function | 192 |
11 Effects of ocean acidification on the marine source of atmospherically active trace gases | 210 |
12 Biogeochemical consequences of ocean acidification and feedbacks to the earth system | 230 |
13 The ocean acidification challenges facing science and society | 249 |
14 Impact of climate change mitigation on ocean acidification projections | 272 |
| 291 | |
| 313 | |
9 Effects of ocean acidification on sediment fauna | 176 |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
anthropogenic aragonite Arctic atmospheric CO₂ benthic biodiversity Biogeochemical Cycles Biogeosciences biological biological pump CaCO3 calcification calcification rate carbon cycle carbon dioxide carbonate chemistry carbonate system Chapter climate change CO₂ coastal coccolithophores concentrations coral reefs cyanobacteria decrease deep-sea depth dissolution Doney ecosystems effects of ocean elevated CO₂ environment environmental experimental experiments extinction feedback Feely fish fixation flux function future Gattuso Geophysical Research growth high CO₂ hypercapnia impacts of ocean increase inorganic IPCC Journal levels Limnology and Oceanography mesocosm metabolic microbial Na+/K+-ATPase natural nitrogen nitrogen fixation nutrient observed ocean acidifica ocean acidification ocean carbonate ocean chemistry organic matter oxygen pCO2 perturbation PETM PHNBS photosynthesis physiological phytoplankton plankton Pörtner potential ppmv processes projected reduced regions response result Riebesell saturation scenarios Science seawater sediments significant Southern Ocean species studies surface-ocean taxa temperature timescales tion tropical undersaturated uptake variability Widdicombe Zeebe µatm