Klaus Behnam Shad

AI Architectures · Research Infrastructure · Privacy by Design · Qualitative Data

Portrait of Klaus Behnam Shad

Research Infrastructure

Research with interviews, testimony and institutional records runs into the same wall everywhere: the material is too sensitive to hand to a cloud service, and too unstructured to work through by hand at scale. The systems below are my answer to that. They are built to run inside an institution's own infrastructure, to stop rather than guess when something is unclear, and to leave a trail another researcher can follow.

DINOH: a Digital, AI-assisted Infrastructure for Oral History

DINOH is the oral history infrastructure in use and under development at the C²DH, University of Luxembourg. It brings together OHPIPE, DINOH Evaluation, the Interview Metadata Model (IMM) and shared methods for oral-history research. DINOH Evaluation and OHPIPE are described below, the metadata model further down as IMM-Core.

Component of DINOH · Synthetic examples · Seven languages

DINOH Evaluation

The multilingual evaluation harness of DINOH.

Problem

Computational assistance in oral history needs clearly defined tasks, inspectable procedures and human judgement. Software output alone does not establish scholarly validity.

Approach

DINOH Evaluation makes metadata and segmentation scoring procedures inspectable using 28 synthetic records in seven languages. The transcript texts were drafted with AI assistance and edited by the author, the reference annotations were written by a researcher. The current model backend is a placeholder, so its task scores say nothing about model performance. OHPIPE is available separately as an experimental preview of the transcript workflow. Required project reviews precede processing, the software grants no authorisation.

Status

MIT License · DINOH Evaluation v1.0.0 archived on Zenodo, later development on GitHub · Archived, all versions: 10.5281/zenodo.21273366 · Governance

Component of DINOH · Transcript workflow · Proof of concept

OHPIPE

Oral History Pipeline: the AI-assisted transcript workflow of DINOH.

What it does

Pipeline component of DINOH: a research workflow for oral-history transcripts, descriptive proposals and human review, with a manual pseudonymisation workflow and interfaces for local model adapters. The public preview runs a reproducible demonstration on invented transcripts and recorded model responses; known test failures are documented in the repository.

Status

MIT License · experimental public preview (0.1.0a1) · Release v0.1.0a1

Sensitive qualitative data

Transcription · Speaker attribution · Apple Silicon

diar2

Produces transcripts of two-person interviews on the researcher's own Mac, with a speaker label for every word.

Problem

Automatic transcripts sometimes assign the wrong speaker, and in a long interview it is unclear where listening again is worthwhile.

Approach

diar2 combines Whisper transcription with Nemotron diarization and assigns a speaker to every word. A review list names the passages where the assignment is uncertain: speaker changes within a sentence, very short turns and overlaps. After installation it runs offline; the self-test repeats the whole pipeline with the network blocked. Accuracy has so far been measured only on a synthetic dialogue; a bundled procedure measures it on hand-annotated excerpts of real interviews.

Status

Apache-2.0 · Public repository · German by default · Apple Silicon only · No DOI yet

Privacy gateway · Local-only · German, English, French

AegisQDA

Releases data downstream only after a human has reviewed and signed off.

Problem

Interview transcripts are full of names, places, employers and dates that make people indirectly identifiable. Under the GDPR that material cannot simply be handed to a cloud service for anonymisation, and automatic anonymisation on its own is not a sufficient safeguard either.

Approach

AegisQDA runs entirely on local infrastructure. Presidio-backed recognition of personal data is combined with mandatory human review; identifiers are replaced by typed, document-local surrogates and checked again in a second verification pass. Data is released to a downstream analysis tool only after explicit sign-off.

Status

MIT License · v0.1.0 (MVP) · Archived on Zenodo, all versions: 10.5281/zenodo.21854346

Qualitative data analysis · Local language models

DigQDA

Returns only what can be resolved back to a source location.

Problem

Language models produce coding that sounds convincing and cannot be checked. For qualitative research that is worse than no automation at all: an unverifiable claim about a source is not a finding.

Approach

DigQDA binds every output to its source. Versioned method contracts fix what is coded and how; prompts stay close to the source unit and return machine-readable JSON; segmentation is deterministic; quotes and locators are validated. A fail-closed conformance suite rejects results that do not resolve to the text.

Status

MIT License · pre-release (v0.4)

Analytical framework · Rule-based · German, English, French

Relational Justice Analysis (RJA)

Fixes the coding rules before coding starts, so a second reader reaches the same result.

Problem

Qualitative coding is usually not reproducible. Categories emerge during the work and are rarely recorded in a form a second reader could apply to the same text and arrive at the same result.

Approach

Relational Justice Analysis makes the rules explicit up front: a rule-based, fully traceable annotation framework with indicators for German, English and French. Every annotation can be traced back to the rule that produced it.

Status

MIT License · v2.0.0 · Archived on Zenodo, all versions: 10.5281/zenodo.18640259

Metadata and digital editions

Metadata standard · Core profile · Cross-disciplinary

IMM-Core

Small enough to be adopted: thirteen fields, seven of them mandatory.

Problem

Interview data sits in incompatible silos. Every project invents its own fields, so material cannot be found, cited or reused across disciplines and repositories.

Approach

A deliberately minimal core of thirteen fields, seven of them mandatory, plus extensible implementation profiles for individual disciplines. Specified in DCTAP, with crosswalks to Dublin Core, schema.org/Dataset, REFI-QDA/QDPX and CMDI. Built for interoperability instead of lock-in.

Status

CC BY 4.0 · v1.0 · Archived on Zenodo, all versions: 10.5281/zenodo.20507328

Digital editions · Linked data · TEI P5, CIDOC CRM

TEI CRM Bridge

Binds every name mention to its passage and keeps automatic suggestions separate until a person reviews them.

What it does

TEI CRM Bridge makes the information in a letter edition usable as linked data; every name mention stays bound to its place in the text. The tool takes over the persons, places and organisations encoded by the editors, together with sending and receiving details, from TEI P5 letters. An NER model for historical German (Impresso) can suggest further names. In the output graph, these remain explicitly candidates. In a local review view, a person can accept, reject or leave open each occurrence; acceptances and rejections are recorded with the reviewer and the time in a separate graph.

Evaluation

The evaluation on 40 Schnitzler letters measures how closely v0.2 agrees with the encoding guidelines of this edition. In paragraph text, F1 was 0.668 strict and 0.747 overlapping. In v0.1, new names were placed at an inadmissible position in 307 of 336 cases; in v0.2, in 0 of 55. The existing encoding was recoverable in all 40 letters. The review function of v0.3 adds a traceable human decision step; it has not been measured separately.

Further development

Planned from 0.4.0: CMIF export for exchange with correspSearch and authority matching via PMB. For this release, the measurement environment and the data state will be fixed, queries documented and the figures checked again. Until then, the F1 values given here remain explicitly results of v0.2.

Status

MIT License · v0.3.0 (prototype) · Archived on Zenodo: 10.5281/zenodo.22979658 · Project page with evaluation

How these systems are built

Local-first

Deployment and data-flow rules are defined and checked for each project. Local hosting alone does not establish isolation or lawful processing.

Fail-closed

Where a system is unsure, it stops and asks. Silent guessing is the failure mode that makes automation unusable in this field.

Traceable

Every result resolves to a location in the source and to the rule or method contract that produced it.

Interoperable

Open standards and documented crosswalks instead of proprietary formats. The data has to outlive the tool.

Open

MIT, Apache 2.0 and CC BY 4.0. Released versions are archived with persistent identifiers, so they can be cited, audited and built on.

These systems come out of concrete research settings: oral history, migration and citizenship research, institutional records. If you are working on something comparable, or need this kind of infrastructure for sensitive data of your own, I am glad to talk.

Get in touch