Nobel Prize in Physics 1978

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa

Photo: Nikolai Lavrentiev. Nobel Foundation archive

Prize share: 1/2

Arno Allan Penzias

Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.

Prize share: 1/4

Robert Woodrow Wilson

Photo: Harris & Ewing. Nobel Foundation archive

Prize share: 1/4

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978 was divided, one half awarded to Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics", the other half jointly to Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"

To cite this section
MLA style: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach 2026. Thu. 5 Nov 2026. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/summary/>

Six prizes were awarded for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The 10 laureates' work and discoveries range from optogenetics to efforts to promote peace and international law.

See them all presented here.

Nobel Prizes 2026

Explore prizes and laureates

Look for popular awards and laureates in different fields, and discover the history of the Nobel Prize.